Communication in the psychiatric halfway house and the double bind

The psychiatric halfway house is a partial institution whose prime function is to aid individuals to move gradually from the structured existence of the psychiatric hospital ward to the independence of autonomous living. As a social service agency interacting with community services, this facility often encounters unanticipated obstacles which hinder goal attainment for its clients. The problem we address is one such variable: the mixed message. It is of significant importance because it is often a product of unconscious behavior and is frequently cited as instrumental in the etiology of schizophrenia. Suggestions are offered as methods of averting mixed messages in both the intra-and interagency spheres.The authors wish to dedicate this article to the memory of Harry H. Moorhead, M.D.     

Unpacking the State: The Implications for the Third Sector of Changing Relationships Between National and Local Government

The drive to welfare reform has revolutionalized the relationship between the state and the third sector in many countries. But this article argues that, if we are to understand the impact of the changing role of the state on the third sector, then we must first understand the dynamics of the relationship between national and local government. It compares two countries—the U.K. and Italy—where national-local government relations have developed in different directions, and suggests a number of avenues for further analysis of this three-way relationship.     

Home-based workers: Worker and work characteristics

The purpose of the study reported here is to describe the worker and work characteristics of 899 home-based business owners and wage earners, using a definition that excludes farmers, hobbyists, and persons taking work home from a job located elsewhere. Contrary to predictions by futurists of an influx of white-collar workers from the office to home, the home-based workers in this research are more likely to be marketing and sales persons, contractors, or mechanical and transportation workers. Full- or part-time employment status, home tenure, seasonality of work, and occupation are significantly associated with ownership status. Findings show significant group differences on age, education, years in the community, household size, and net annual home-based income. Business owners, on average, are older, have less education, come from larger households, have lived in their communities more years, and have lower net annual home-based incomes than their wage earner counterparts.This article reports results from the Cooperative Regional Research Project, NE-167, entitled, At-Home Income Generation: Impact on Management, Productivity and Stability in Rural and Urban Families, partially supported by Cooperative States Research Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture and the Experiment Stations at the University of Hawaii, Iowa State University, Lincoln University (Missouri), Michigan State University, Cornell University (New York), The Ohio State University, The Pennsylvania State University, Utah State University, and University of Vermont. Appreciation is expressed to Ana Marie Vargas and Johnny M. H. On for their assistance with the computer analyses, and to Florence Abe, Laraine Hoffman, and Meesok Lee for their help in the final preparation of this article. The authors acknowledge the patience and helpful suggestions of two anonymous reviewers.Her current research interests include home-based employment, multiple farm income families, and computer-based education. She received her Ph.D. from Oregon State University.Her current research interests include home-based employment, economic adjustments of farm families, and the interrelationship of management to an individual's quality of life. She received her Ph.D. from Purdue University.Her primary areas of research are rural households, the impact of employment on a family, learning theories as applied to financial education, retirement, and home-based employment. She received her Ph.D. from The Pennsylvania State University.     

Digital Role-Play: The Changing Conditions of Children’s Play in Preschool Settings

This study reports on the contradictions between the motive orientations of teachers and preschool children when digital animation was introduced in 3 preschools (103 children M age = 3;8 years, 4;2 years, and 5;0 years, respectively; n= 371 hr of video). The findings suggested that new psychological conditions are created during digital play; differing motive orientations of children and teachers appear to have a bearing on how children pay attention to, or engage with, the learning goals set by the teacher; and higher levels of negotiation are required in contradictory contexts of motives for learning or play.     

Local planning and global implementation: Foreign investment and urban development of Pudong, Shanghai

Competitive planning programmes for global integration have been created in cities throughout developed and developing countries during the past 2 decades. In China, global aspiration planning has been characterised by the establishment of Pudong New Area of Shanghai in 1990, with a group of foreign direct investment (FDI)-oriented themed zones targeting different types of global flows. Pudong very rapidly became a focus of FDI in the city, which extended to China as a whole in the 1990s, and now is further extended to playing a global role. However, spatial planning for the themed zones in Pudong has been limited in its scope to the physical design, land use, and the pattern of transport routes. This limited role of land use planning has been inadequate to coordinate the mutual engagement between global and local factors; however, an improved mechanism for coordinating planning has not yet emerged to replace it. The competitive and entrepreneurial approach of land management in conjunction with the imperatives of global firms has effectively diminished the original plan's intention that each zone should focus on particular industries, with each of them complementing the others.     

TigerPlace, A State-Academic-Private Project to Revolutionize Traditional Long-Term Care

The Aging in Place Project at the University of Missouri (MU) required legislation in 1999 and 2001 to be fully realized. An innovative home health agency was initiated by the Sinclair School of Nursing specifically to help older adults age in place in the environment of their choice. In 2004, an innovative independent living environment was built and is operated by a private long term care company, as a special facility where residents can truly age in place and never fear being moved to a traditional nursing home unless they choose to do so. With care provided by the home care agency with registered nurse care coordination services, residents receive preventative and early illness recognition assistance that have markedly improved their lives. Evaluation of aging in place reveal registered nurse care coordination improves outcomes of cognition, depression, activities of daily living, incontinence, pain, and shortness of breath as well as delaying or preventing nursing home placement. Links with MU students, faculty, and nearly every school or college on campus enrich the lives of the students and residents of the housing environment. Research projects are encouraged and residents who choose to participate are enjoying helping with developing cutting technology to help other seniors age in place.