Some further observations on the index of residential differentiation

The relationship between the index of residential differentiation (RDI), a recently introduced measure of residential segregation which is designed to summarize the distribution of c social groups in a single index, and the indices of dissimilarity (D) and segregation (SI) is examined. It is demonstrated that RDI is a natural extension of D, and that when c = 2, RDI = D; when c> 2, it is possible to stipulate RDI in terms of SI, but it is not possible to stipulate RDI in a straightforward manner in terms of D. An adjusted RDI is then suggested in which random segregation rather than complete desegregation is used as the baseline.     

Violence in children's programmes on British television

This paper presents a study of violence on children's television in Britain. A total of 943 children's programmes were coded in an exercise which content analysed more than 4,700 hours of programmes broadcast on eight television channels. Thirty nine per cent of these children's programmes contained violence. More than 4,000 violent acts and 7.2 hours of violence occurred in these programmes. More than half of the violence occurred in general children's programmes, with somewhat under half being found in children's cartoons. The violence mostly involved shootings or various forms of physical assault, using hand-held weapons or the hand or foot. Much of the violence occurred in a crime context or following an argument between two or more individuals. Violence was usually committed for negative purposes, rather than to serve socially positive interests. Violent acts were rarely followed by painful consequences. Perpetrators of violence were most likely to be white, male, young adults, or cartoon characters. Results are discussed in relation to implications for effects upon children and those with responsibilities for children.     

The theory of the corporate life cycle

There appears to be a widespread management belief that the corporation is endowed with an inbuilt elixir for survival and growth, despite recent corporate declines.In this article, the author outlines and illustrates the operation of one of the newest theories on corporate activity—the corporate life cycle— and its use as a planning aid in determining where the company is and where it is going and as a relationary tool in predicting corporate trends for comparison with corporate objectives and the future operating environment.     

The theory of the corporate life cycle

There appears to be a widespread management belief that the corporation is endowed with an inbuilt elixir for survival and growth, despite recent major corporate declines.In this article, the author outlines and illustrates the operation of one of the newest theories on corporate activity—the corporate life cycle—and its use as a planning aid in determining where the company is and where it is going and as a relationary tool in predicting corporate trends for comparison with corporate objectives and the future operating environment.     

Short Notices

Allen G. Debus (ed.), Medicine in Seventeenth Century England. A Symposium Held at UCLA in Honor of C. D. O'Malley (1974), xiii+485 (University of California Press, Berkeley, Los Angeles and London, £8.50).

R. Quinault and J. Stevenson (eds.), Popular Protest and Public Order (1974), 242 (Allen and Unwin, £5.25).

Michael S. Cross (ed.), The Workingman in the Nineteenth Century (1975), xii+316 (Oxford University Press, Toronto, paperback £3.80).

Charles Rearick, Beyond the Enlightenment. Historians and Folklore in Nineteenth‐Century France (1974), xiv+206 (Indiana University Press, Bloomington, £3.65).

Malcolm I. Thomis, The Town Labourer and the Industrial Revolution (1974), vi + 247 (Batsford, £4.00, paperback £2.00).

John Woodward, To Do The Sick No Harm. A Study of the British Voluntary Hospital System to 1875 (1974), xii + 221 (Routledge & Kegan Paul, £5.50).

Alison Ravetz, Model Estate: Planned Housing at Quarry Hill, Leeds (1974), xvi + 251 (Croom Helm, £5.50).

Sergio Columbeanu, Granges exploitations domaniales en Valachie au XVIIIe siècle (Wallachian great estates in the eighteenth century) (1974), 199 (Editura Acadcmiei Republicii Socialiste Romania, Buearest, paperback Lei 8.75).     

A visual interactive approach to classical and mixed vehicle routing problems with backhauls

In this paper a new visual interactive approach for the classical vehicle routing problem with backhauls (VRPB) and its extensions is presented. The classical VRPB is the problem of designing minimum cost routes from a single depot to two type customers that are known as Backhaul (pickup) and Linehaul (delivery) customers where deliveries after pickups are not allowed. The mixed VRPB is an extension of the classical VRPB where deliveries after pickups are allowed.     

Educating Social Workers for an Aging Society

Longevity is one of the great achievements of the 20th century and its implications for the new century will be profound. The unprecedented demographic shift to an increasingly older society will have a dramatic impact on individual choices over the life course, the structure of the family, and multiple social institutions. Social work can make unique professional contributions to older persons and the late-life family. This article asserts, however, that social work is not adequately prepared to practice in the aging society. The authors document the challenges to social work and recommend addressing these challenges through educational innovations.