Die m?nnliche Herrschaft: ein somatisiertes Herrschaftsverh?ltnis

Bourdieu understands masculine domination to be both a paradigmatic form and an extreme case of symbolic domination. Bourdieu??s argumentation in hisMasculine Domination is outlined, highlighting the key importance of the somatization of domination as well as the fact, more or less neglected in the general discussion, that in relations of symbolic domination those who exercise domination are imprisoned in this relation, as well. Key points of the criticism concerning this argumentation are discussed, in particular the standard objection of structural determinism raised against the concept of habitus, and new research perspectives are proposed.     

Be Careful Where You Smile: Culture Shapes Judgments of Intelligence and Honesty of Smiling Individuals

Smiling individuals are usually perceived more favorably than non-smiling ones—they are judged as happier, more attractive, competent, and friendly. These seemingly clear and obvious consequences of smiling are assumed to be culturally universal, however most of the psychological research is carried out in WEIRD societies (Western, Educated, Industrialized, Rich, and Democratic) and the influence of culture on social perception of nonverbal behavior is still understudied. Here we show that a smiling individual may be judged as less intelligent than the same non-smiling individual in cultures low on the GLOBE’s uncertainty avoidance dimension. Furthermore, we show that corruption at the societal level may undermine the prosocial perception of smiling—in societies with high corruption indicators, trust toward smiling individuals is reduced. This research fosters understanding of the cultural framework surrounding nonverbal communication processes and reveals that in some cultures smiling may lead to negative attributions.     

Dual Citizenship as a Path‐Dependent Process1

Over the last few decades, dual nationalities worldwide have increased rapidly. This is astonishing when one considers that a few decades ago citizenship and political loyalty to a national political community were considered inseparable. Overall, there has been a bumpy‐line trend towards increasing tolerance. Yet, the degree to which dual nationality is tolerated by states differs. Based on the findings of postnational and national perspectives, this analysis proposes to view tolerance and resistance towards dual nationality as a path‐dependent process. The questions dealt with are: What are the factors encouraging the generally increasing tolerance towards multiple nationalities? How can cross‐national differences regarding de jure and de facto tolerance towards dual nationality be explained? The main tendency over the past decades has been the growing emphasis on individual rights vis‐à‐vis state prerogatives in liberal democracies. The expansion of de jure tolerance towards dual nationality is due partly to inter‐, supra‐ and national‐level developments, which are connected to diverse factors such as gender equity, understandings of nationhood, immigrant incorporation and general characteristics of the political systems.     

Does managers' motivation matter? Exploring the associations between motivation,transformational leadership,and innovation in a religious organization

Religious organizations are social systems operating in a complex and changing environment. By looking to an authority beyond themselves, religious organizations have comparatively little control over defining their own goals. In this juggling between sticking to the ultimate goal of an organization and adapting to complex changing environments, that is, in the juggling between tradition and renewal, transformational leadership seems to play an important role in religious organizations. The extensive body of literature on transformational leadership has focused more on the outcomes of transformational leadership than on its antecedents. We extend the existing literature by linking managers' motivation to their transformational leadership behaviors in a religious organization. More specifically, we examined the associations of intrinsic and prosocial motivation with transformational leadership, and we investigated the relationship between transformational leadership and innovation among 252 managers in the largest nonprofit organization in Norway, the Church of Norway. Analyses in structural equation modeling revealed a positive relationship between intrinsic motivation and transformational leadership, whereas the relationship between prosocial motivation and transformational leadership was not significant. Transformational leadership was positively associated with innovation. Based on the results of the study, we discuss practical implications regarding how to support intrinsic motivation, transformational leadership, and innovation in religious organizations.     

Subjective and Objective Parameters Determining 'Salience' in Long-term Dialect Accommodation

In this article, we will present empirical results of a longitudinal study on long-term dialect accommodation in a German dialect setting. An important model of explaining which linguistic structures undergo such convergence and which do not makes use of the notion of 'salience'. Dialect features which are perceived by the speakers as 'salient' are taken up and given up more easily and faster than those which are perceived as 'less salient'. The notion of salience has a tradition which goes back to the 1920s. We will discuss this research tradition, apply the criteria for salience that played a role in it to our results, and discuss the question of whether perceived (subjective) salience can be explained in objective (structural-phono logical or phonetic) terms.     

转型视角下的欧洲联盟治理

关注欧洲治理的转型使我们面临困惑,虽然各成员国主权与管理权力的转让日渐增加。但根据国家意愿来制定政策这一原则依然显示出无限的活力。在欧洲决策中,私人利益与公共利益之间的天平似乎已向前者倾斜而对后者不利,但正是欧洲政体的特殊性质使得公共行为体得以继续存在。为了更好地理解欧洲治理的转型,采取不同的研究方法可能会有所助益。这不是指政府不同层级或不同种类的利益行为体之间权力关系的改变,而是指治理实践的变化和对治理内涵的理解。