中国文人画意境与创作者心境探略

以文艺创作"三环论"为基础,第一次运用创作者心境"内容"的概念,对中国文人画意境与创作者心境之间的密切联系进行探讨和论证.弄清文人画意境与创作者心境之间的联系,对文人画艺术的赏析和研究具有重要意义.     

Depressed College Students and Tricyclic Antldepressant Therapy

Abstract

Charts of all outpatients (n = 267) seen during three consecutive months of 1977 by a university student mental health clinic were retrospectively reviewed for reports of depression. Over one-fourth of university students (n = 76) seen during this period were noted to present with significant symptoms and signs of depression. Charts of depressed patients were further analyzed for distribution by final diagnostic category, demographic data, and treatment outcome results. The majority of depressed patients were diagnosed as depressive neurosis while the second most common diagnosis was adjustment reaction. A significant proportion of patients with a final diagnosis of depressive neurosis had initially been diagnosed as adjustment reaction. Vegetative signs of depression were Infrequently noted In patients with adjustment reaction. These patients were usually treated with psychotherapy alone and showed symptomatic Improvement in one-half of cases. Vegetative signs, especially sleep disturbance, were noted in one-half of patients with depressive neurosis. These patients were often treated with tricyclic antidepressants plus psychotherapy, which resulted in significantly greater Improvement in both dysphoria and vegetative signs than treatment with psychotherapy only. Treatment outcomes for depressed patients thought to have concomitant character disorders were uniformly poor.

Thus, depressed college students In the present study represented several distinct diagnostic groups, of which patients with depressive neurosis showed optimal treatment outcomes following tricyclic antidepressant therapy.     

Racial/Ethnic Composition and Violence: Size‐of‐Place Variations in Percent Black and Percent Latino Effects on Violence Rates

According to racial invariance positions and mainstream sociological perspectives on race and crime, race differences in structural conditions should account for most if not all of the racial composition (or percent black) effect on aggregate‐level violence rates. However, prior research (mostly conducted prior to 1990) generally provides mixed or contrary evidence for this position, showing instead that greater concentrations of blacks are linked to increased violence even after accounting for racial differences in socioeconomic conditions. The current study uses recent data and a novel unit of analysis to go beyond extant research in two ways. First, we include percent Latino in our examination of the extent to which both racial and ethnic composition effects on violent crime rates are mediated by racial/ethnic disparities in socioeconomic disadvantage. Second, we test whether racial/ethnic composition effects are conditioned by size of place, through the use of census places as a uniquely varying unit of analysis. We find that both black and Latino composition effects are partly explained by controlling for structural conditions (especially structural disadvantage), but this characterizes smaller places much more than the largest, most urbanized places.     

A Culturally Competent Family Enhancement and Empowerment Model for African American Parents

The National Association of Social Worker's Standards for Cultural Competence (2002 National Association of Social Workers. 2002. NASW standards for cultural competence in social work practice, Washington, DC: Author.  [Google Scholar]) mandates social work practices that recognize the cultural preferences of different groups in the United States. The NASW Code of Ethic (1996 National Association of Social Workers. 1996. Code of ethics, Washington, DC: NASW Press.  [Google Scholar]) states that social workers have a responsibility to understand culture and its function and to further recognize the strengths that exist in all cultures. This article addresses the void in the social work literature on culturally based and strengths‐oriented family interventions for African American parents. The article describes a culturally competent intervention model developed by the MAAT Center for Human and Organizational Enhancement, Inc. in Washington, D.C. for parents of African American male youths who live in high‐risk environments. The family enhancement and empowerment model (FEEM) is based on Africentric social work principles that are grounded in a strengths perspective. The article describes the FEEM program, including a discussion of practical strategies for building trust and offering support to African American parents and families.     

Ageing Lesbians: Marginalising Discourses and Social Exclusion in the Aged Care Industry

The provision of services for ageing lesbians in Victoria, Australia, appears, at an initial reading, to be equitable and inclusive. Government polities suggest recognition and respect for diversity, with a focus on equitable provision of all social services. The reality, however, turns out to be both problematic and exclusionary. The researchers explored how dominant discourses around aged care facilities fail to take into account the identities and needs of ageing lesbians. The advertising brochures of aged care facilities were subjected to a critical and feminist discourse analysis, which was then compared with the perceived needs of a group of ageing lesbians from the same region as the aged care facilities. The data revealed marginalizing of non-heterosexual identities through the absence of representation in the brochures and their exclusion in the construction of aged care space. Further, a review of aged care policies that underpin the provision of services found that lesbian needs and identities were not included or mentioned in the special need groups. This limits the potential of the aged care industry to provide services that are culturally sensitive, safe, and inclusive.     

The Governance of Forced Labour in the Global Economy

Abstract

The problem of forced labour in the contemporary global economy is attracting increasing attention in global governance debates and policy circles. The effectiveness of governance initiatives depends on underlying understandings of the root causes of the problem. We explore how the root causes of forced labour in global production networks (GPNs) are framed in global governance debates. Focusing on the dominant frameworks mobilized by international institutions, with some attention to cognate national-level and corporate governance strategies, we identify certain limitations to dominant interpretations, which derive from their ‘residual’ character and their associated neglect of the manner in which the roots of forced labour reach deeply into the organization of GPNs, the forms of exploitation which are integral to them, and the connections between exploitation and poverty. We set out an alternative, ‘relational’ perspective on the roots of forced labour in GPNs, based on the concept of ‘adverse incorporation’, and consider the implications of the insights generated by this perspective for contemporary governance frameworks.     

中国法治发展道路与中国法治实践学派

中国有自己的法治发展道路,这条道路是在对中国几千年历史文化的传承中走出来的,是从对新中国成立以来特别是改革开放三十多年的法治实践的探索中走出来的。中国法治实践是中国法治理论最重要的源泉,中国法治发展道路必将催生中国法治实践学派。中国法治实践学派旨在从学术流派的角度对中国法治发展道路和中国法治理论进行理论概括和学术阐述。它以中国特色社会主义为指导思想,梳理中国法律发展历史,总结当代中国法治发展实践,在国际视野下开拓创新中国法治发展道路,为人类法治建设走出一条新的具有普遍意义的成功之路。