Tax-funded unionism: The unemployment connection

Labor unions are widely regarded as private organizations which finance their activities exclusively through revenues collected from members and others who are covered by collective bargaining agreements. In reality, however, U.S. unions receive millions of dollars each year through grants and contracts from federal, state, and local governments for a variety of purposes, including aid to the unemployed; these funds are used (sometimes illegally) to finance union operations, including political activities. This article briefly explores the phenomenon of tax-funded unionism.     

国外关于社会直觉和内隐学习的研究进展--认知神经科学观的解释

从现象学意义和行为意义上看社会直觉与内隐学习相关,直觉社会行为与直觉社会认知取决于概念联结的自动激活,基底神经节是社会直觉与内隐学习的共同神经基础,基底神经节在行为及认知的无意识推断序列过程方面以及在非言语交际的产生及理解方面都起着很重要的作用.关于社会直觉的认知神经科学观与社会心理学的研究将会是互相促进的.     

论我国高校学术期刊实现国际化发展的必要性

我国高校学术期刊国际化是中国出版业国际化的一个组成部分,同时也是现代信息技术革命带来的各国期刊业之间合作交流空前发展的积极成果,是时代的发展对我国高校学术期刊提出的要求,也是我国高校学术期刊面对现代信息技术飞速进步实现自身发展的必然选择。     

Employee exposure to coworker substance use and negative consequences: the moderating effects of work group membership.

The current study assesses: (1) whether the relationship between individual exposure to coworker substance use and negative consequences resulting from exposure depends on work group membership, and (2) whether group-level characteristics moderate the relationship between exposure and consequences. At the group-level, we assessed occupations involving safety risk or high mobility and social factors of drinking climate and group cohesiveness. We conducted Hierarchical Linear Modeling (HLM) across two samples of municipal employees (ns = 650, 878; n of groups = 50, 49). Our results revealed that groups with higher proportions of jobs involving risk (e.g., machine work) and, to a lesser extent, groups with a higher level of drinking climate were those most vulnerable to consequences under conditions of exposure. Importantly, our findings controlled for individual risk factors (e.g., personal drinking, job stress). Our discussion examines the implications of this study for theory and policy related to workplace substance abuse.     

Robust models in probability sampling

In the estimation of a population mean or total from a random sample, certain methods based on linear models are known to be automatically design consistent, regardless of how well the underlying model describes the population. A sufficient condition is identified for this type of robustness to model failure; the condition, which we call 'internal bias calibration', relates to the combination of a model and the method used to fit it. Included among the internally bias-calibrated models, in addition to the aforementioned linear models, are certain canonical link generalized linear models and nonparametric regressions constructed from them by a particular style of local likelihood fitting. Other models can often be made robust by using a suboptimal fitting method. Thus the class of model-based, but design consistent, analyses is enlarged to include more realistic models for certain types of survey variable such as binary indicators and counts. Particular applications discussed are the estimation of the size of a population subdomain, as arises in tax auditing for example, and the estimation of a bootstrap tail probability.     

防范与失范：清末民初女性犯罪防治问题研究

清末民初国家和社会针对日益增多的女性犯罪，先后采取了一定的防治措施，这对控制女性犯罪起到了一定的作用。但从实际效果看，由于防范方法的失当，救济机构的不完善及救济措施的不健全等原因，当时各种防治措施并未能有效地减少女性犯罪。     

Floating ideas—An experiment in enhancing hypergames with maps

Within the OR community, an increasing emphasis is being placed on developing approaches to tackle complex, ‘messy’ decision problems. The work described in this paper arose out of the premise that it would be desirable to integrate ideas from a number of different approaches of this type. Specifically, the paper describes one experimental attempt to link methods for modelling conflict situations (the analysis of options and hypergames) with the cognitive mapping approach to eliciting subjective data. Taking a personally-owned decision problem, mapping was used to enrich the game-based approaches by providing a way of documenting the argumentation underlying the models used. Though difficult to generalise from, the experiment not only suggested that such an extension is likely to be an improvement, but also highlighted some deficiencies in the existing versions of the game-based approaches themselves.     

The Role of Second-Order Belief-Understanding and Social Context in Children's Self-Attribution of Social Emotions

Children's self-attribution of social emotions was hypothesised (i) to be related to their second-order belief-understanding and (ii) to be more strongly related to social- conventional than moral rule violations. Thirty children aged between 4 and 7 years were presented with Sullivan, Zaitchik & Tager-Flusberg's (1994) second-order false belief task and with four hypothetical scenarios in which they were required to imagine that they had violated particular moral and social conventional rules. As predicted, the self-attribution of social emotions was significantly related to second-order belief understanding, primarily in social-conventional rather than moral contexts.     

二十世纪二十年代北京女性犯罪研究——基于犯罪调查的一种分析

1920-1926年的北京女性犯罪，因为其特定的时代背景而呈现出不同的特色。通过对这一时期女性犯罪的数量、类别、女犯的职业、受教育情况及婚姻家庭等因素的分析。我们可以看到当时女性生活的艰难。特别是对这一时期的平民女性来说，犯罪有时便成为她们解决温饱问题的一种无奈的选择。     

制度变迁的法学思考

制度是一个国家得以维系和保持良好秩序的基础,离开制度的规范和约束,国家必将出现动乱与冲突.通过对制度和法律的比较,揭示了两者之间的具体关系,分析了制度变迁的原因,最后提出了有关具体制度变迁的路径选择.