Sexual evaluation of women with feminist attitudes

A study was conducted to investigate whether subjects make inferences about a female's sexuality based on her attitudes toward feminist issues. Based on the idea that both attitudes toward feminist issues and toward sexual traits are components of prototypes about females, it was hypothesized that females who expressed nontraditional attitudes on various feminist issues would be rated higher on a number of sexual traits than females who expressed more traditional attitudes. Male and female subjects were given information about a 19‐year‐old, single, female's attitudes on a number of issues related to women's occupational and domestic roles. The target's answers were manipulated so that in one condition she expressed traditional attitudes, and in a second condition she expressed nontraditional or feminist attitudes. The respondents were then asked to rate the target on traits reflecting a sexual and an evaluative dimension. As predicted, it was found that the female expressing nontraditional attitudes was rated higher in the sexual traits and was evaluated more negatively. The results were discussed in terms of the perceived incongruity between feminist attitudes and the traditional female prototype.     

Factors of regional poverty reduction in Colombia: Do institutional conditions matter?

Colombia has a unique history, which has been heavily conditioned by armed conflict lasting more than 50 years. This study examines the institutional conditions for success and failure in reducing poverty in Colombian departments by considering changes that took place between 2003 and 2014. Fuzzy‐set qualitative comparative analysis identifies the changes in regional conditions that reduce poverty over time. The pathways for poverty reduction are multidimensional, and many involve changes in institutional attributes such as government transparency, absence of violence, and electoral turnout. The framework developed in this paper can be used to monitor necessary and sufficient pathways in regional clusters.     

The decline of intelligence in New Zealand

The social setting in New Zealand to-day is in many respects noticeably different from that of the home country. Observers rarely fail to comment upon the equalitarianism in all walks of life, the stability of the family pattern, the Plunkett system and the achievements of social security. It may come as a surprise, therefore, that in New Zealand a similar downward trend of national intelligence can be observed, as has been ascertained for the United Kingdom by the notable pioneer inquiries of Sir Cyril Burt, Sir Godfrey Thomson and Dr Fraser-Roberts. In the United Kingdom the dysgenic selection seems to operate mainly through differential rates of reproduction in the various strata of society. These differentials are less marked in New Zealand, but it would appear that they are compensated by the effects of migration.     

A Descriptive Study of Home Modifications for People with Dementia and Barriers to Implementation

This study describes home environmental features, safety issues, and health-related modifications in a community dwelling sample of 82 elderly people with dementia. Main barriers to the accessibility of the homes were steps both inside and outside the home. The majority of the caregivers had made home modifications that pertained mainly to physical limitations. Home modifications to support cognitive deficits were made to a lesser extent. The main barrier to the implementation of home modifications to accommodate the care recipient's memory loss was skepticism about their usefulness. Regarding the removal of physical barriers, financial constraints were most frequently mentioned.     

The Rationality of Under‐employing the Best‐performing Soccer Players

Abstract. This paper analyses the influence of sport performance (productivity) and other variables measuring the economic contribution of soccer players, upon the coach's decision of selecting a particular player. Using as dependent variable the proportion of time that individuals play in the Spanish professional soccer league, the paper concludes that players' economic market value does significantly affect the coach's choice, revealing the existence of other aims different from maximizing sport performance. We also examine the type of discrimination associated with lower chances of playing, which leads to smaller earnings and poorer career opportunities. The empirical evidence does not support discrimination due to nationality.     

Pay Referents and Satisfaction with Pay: Does Occupational Proximity Matter?

We explore whether employees compare their pay to the pay of others in a similarly prestigious occupation and, if so, whether this comparison has a negative impact on pay satisfaction. Using an experimental vignette methodology, Study 1 found that people are more inclined to compare with others from a similar or identical occupation and that comparison negatively impacts pay satisfaction. This comparison and its negative effect is particularly strong in high‐prestige occupations. Based on survey data, Study 2 also showed that the average pay of others in occupations of similar prestige is negatively correlated with employees’ pay satisfaction. This negative correlation was also stronger in higher‐prestige occupations. Our analysis highlights the importance of occupational prestige as a main factor influencing pay comparison.     

Casting a Wide Net for Innovation: Mediating Effect of R&D Human and Social Capital to Unlock the Value from Alliance Portfolio Diversity

This paper examines the performance effects associated with different alliance portfolio configurations in terms of geographical location and partner type. Based on these distinctions, the authors hypothesize that more diverse alliance portfolios enable firms to gain and exploit innovation opportunities. Additionally, the mediating effects of R&D human and social capital on the R&D alliance portfolio diversity–innovation performance relationship are explored. The authors reason that the absorptive capacity of R&D intellectual capital determines a firm's potential gains from highly diverse alliance portfolios. From panel data of manufacturing firms in Spain for the period 2008–2013, the results confirm the inverted U‐shaped relationship between alliance portfolio diversity and firm innovation performance, implying that both insufficient and excessive alliance portfolio diversity may be detrimental to firm innovativeness. Additionally, R&D human and social capital partially mediates the R&D alliance diversity–innovation performance relationship, emphasizing the importance of internal capabilities to leverage the benefits of highly diverse alliance portfolios. These findings add a dynamic dimension to the conceptualization of alliance portfolios and how firms create value by balancing explorative and exploitative alliances.