Using regulatory fit theory to examine how the communication context of compliance-gaining interactions influences compliance

Compliance-gaining research focuses mainly on how message variations differentially affect compliance; however, few studies have examined how framing the compliance-gaining goal (i.e., promotion/prevention) and providing a means to achieve the goal function concurrently to influence compliance. The current study uses regulatory fit theory to examine how a fit between goals and means of compliance-gaining messages affects compliance. A field experiment was conducted in which subjects were presented with a compliance-gaining request in which goals and means were varied. Results indicated that compliance rates and donation amounts were higher under conditions of fit between the regulatory orientation of goals and means rather than non-fit. Findings are discussed in light of their implications for compliance-gaining research and regulatory fit theory.     

Simulated maximum likelihood estimation in joint models for multiple longitudinal markers and recurrent events of multiple types,in the presence of a terminal event

In medical studies we are often confronted with complex longitudinal data. During the follow-up period, which can be ended prematurely by a terminal event (e.g. death), a subject can experience recurrent events of multiple types. In addition, we collect repeated measurements from multiple markers. An adverse health status, represented by ‘bad’ marker values and an abnormal number of recurrent events, is often associated with the risk of experiencing the terminal event. In this situation, the missingness of the data is not at random and, to avoid bias, it is necessary to model all data simultaneously using a joint model. The correlations between the repeated observations of a marker or an event type within an individual are captured by normally distributed random effects. Because the joint likelihood contains an analytically intractable integral, Bayesian approaches or quadrature approximation techniques are necessary to evaluate the likelihood. However, when the number of recurrent event types and markers is large, the dimensionality of the integral is high and these methods are too computationally expensive. As an alternative, we propose a simulated maximum-likelihood approach based on quasi-Monte Carlo integration to evaluate the likelihood of joint models with multiple recurrent event types and markers.     

The Mother–Infant Feeding Relationship Across the First Year and the Development of Feeding Difficulties in Low‐Risk Premature Infants

Although feeding problems are common during infancy and are typically accompanied by relational difficulties, little research observed the mother–infant feeding relationship across the first year as an antecedent to the development of feeding difficulties. We followed 76 low‐risk premature infants and their mothers from the transition to oral feeding in the neonatal period to the end of the first year. Prior to hospital discharge, microlevel patterns of maternal touch and gaze were coded during feeding and nonfeeding interactions, global patterns of maternal adaptation were assessed, and infants' neurobehavioral status was tested. Psychomotor development was evaluated at 4 months. At 1 year, feeding difficulties were determined on the basis of maternal interview and direct observations of feeding interactions. Mothers of infants who exhibited feeding difficulties at 1 year showed less affectionate touch and gaze during nonfeeding interactions and more gaze aversion and lower adaptability during feeding interactions already in the neonatal period. Infants with feeding difficulties demonstrated poorer psychomotor performance at 4 months. Feeding interactions of infants with feeding difficulties at 1 year were characterized by higher maternal intrusiveness, lower infant involvement, and greater infant withdrawal. Less maternal affectionate touch and lower maternal adaptation in the neonatal period, poor infant psychomotor skills, and higher maternal intrusiveness and lower infant involvement at 1 year predicted feeding difficulties. The findings underscore the role of the relational components across the first year in the development of feeding difficulties.     

Features and limitations of digital human models--a new German guideline

In 2008 the Association of German Engineers (VDI) published the first part of the VDI 4499 guideline for methods and tools for the digital factory. Part 1 of this guideline deals with the fundamentals of the system and will be expanded by the addition of further parts on specific topics within the digital factory. Soon to be published is Part 4 which covers human models as tools of the digital factory. It describes the state of the art of current digital human models with regards to the methods and procedures implemented in German speaking countries. The structure of this part of the guideline is based on the different sections of engineering mechanics and outlines the opportunities for ergonomic assessments and the evaluation of work systems. During the writing of the guideline, the restrictions of the existing procedures also became evident thus showing the requirement for further development of such procedures. This is illustrated in this paper using examples from commercial software systems.     

Struggle for Transdisciplinary Moments: Building Partnerships for Resettlement

The effects of climate change are both acute and chronic, leaving many communities in a perpetual state of uncertainty. For others, there is no such uncertainty—their communities will soon be uninhabitable. Some levels of government have begun to recognize and slowly respond to communities facing the possibilities of relocation. This paper considers the impact of transdisciplinary thinking and collaborative moments in the planning phase of one of the few community-scale managed retreat attempts in the United States. In January 2016, the US Department of Housing and Urban Development (HUD) awarded the state of Louisiana $48.3 million to plan, design, and implement a structured and scalable resettlement with former and current residents of Isle de Jean Charles. The paper uses data from surveys and interviews with the practitioner team, fieldnotes, review of published reports, and a sample of more than 400 media accounts. Our analysis highlights how developing a transdisciplinary process may render a new understanding to the tasks and meanings of planning resettlements in the future.     

Assessing the Benefits and Costs of Homeland Security Research: A Risk-Informed Methodology with Applications for the U.S. Coast Guard

This article describes a methodology for risk-informed benefit–cost analyses of homeland security research products. The methodology is field-tested with 10 research products developed for the U.S. Coast Guard. Risk-informed benefit–cost analysis is a tool for risk management that integrates elements of risk analysis, decision analysis, and benefit–cost analysis. The cost analysis methodology includes a full-cost accounting of research projects, starting with initial fundamental research costs and extending to the costs of implementation of the research products and, where applicable, training, maintenance, and upgrade costs. The benefits analysis methodology is driven by changes in costs and risks leading to five alternative models: cost savings at the same level of security, increased security at the same cost, signal detection improvements, risk reduction by deterrence, and value of information. The U.S. Coast Guard staff selected 10 research projects to test and generalize the methodology. Examples include tools to improve the detection of explosives, reduce the costs of harbor patrols, and provide better predictions of hurricane wind speeds and floods. Benefits models and estimates varied by research project and many input parameters of the benefit estimates were highly uncertain, so risk analysis for sensitivity testing and simulation was important. Aggregating across the 10 research products, we found an overall median net present value of about $385 million, with a range from $54 million (5th percentile) to $877 million (95th percentile). Lessons learned are provided for future applications.     

高等院校科研资产财务治理研究

文章运用组织财务治理、资产财务监管理论对高等院校科研资产财务治理的现状、问题及有效监管措施进行了系统、深入研究,认为强化科研资产财务治理对提高高等院校国有资产使用效率及财务治理水平具有十分重要的现实意义。文章揭示了科研资产财务治理的特征及功能,分析了科研资产财务治理的问题及成因,提出了科研资产财务治理的有效治理措施,旨在为高等院校科研资产财务治理提供一定的理论支持及实际指导。     

亚洲传播研究的蓬勃发展与未来：中国视角与日本视角（上）

中国学者与日本学者就“亚洲传播研究的蓬勃发展及未来”这一问题进行对话,其中的问题包括：亚洲传手轻研究蓬勃发展的情况如何？为什么亚洲传播研究者尚未终止欧洲中心传播范式的统治？亚洲传播研究的目的与意义何在？哪些亚洲本土文化概念可以为亚洲传播理论的发展做出贡献？如何评价亚洲传播研究？     

康德法权概念的形而上学基础

对康德法权学说的认识和理解必须建立在对康德整个批判哲学体系的宏观把握基础之上。文章首先根据康德先验哲学的路径阐明其法权概念的形而上学基础,然后通过回答法权命题的先天综合判断何以可能的问题论证法权的普遍有效性,最后按照范畴的先验演绎的思路阐述法权概念的演绎过程,以期在康德批判哲学的宏观视域中把握其法权概念的实质。     

大数据时代社会主义核心价值观传播创新研究

大数据时代的到来为社会主义核心价值观传播带来了前所未有的机遇和挑战,基于大数据时代下社会主义核心价值观传播范式的表现形态、成因和利弊得失,可以明晰大数据时代社会主义核心价值观传播的逻辑进路,包括传播主体从主导范式到参与范式,传播方式从宣传范式到沟通范式的转变等,从而进一步确立大数据时代社会主义核心价值观传播方式创新的实践策略。