流散与文化认同——《奥斯卡·瓦奥短暂而奇妙的一生》评析

多米尼加裔美国作家朱诺·迪亚斯的小说《奥斯卡·瓦奥短暂而奇妙的一生》以多米尼加共和国遭受的殖民侵略与独裁统治为背景,描写了多米尼加流散群体受到的历史与现实的创伤。小说中过去与现在交替、人物的"缺失"与"再现"并存,不仅重塑了多米尼加共和国历史以及奥斯卡家族历史,还展现了流散者在美国遭遇的文化冲突与边缘化境遇。种族、阶级与文化差异以及无法逾越的他者身份造成流散者的文化归属与认同陷入困境,而多元的文化背景使杂交性的文化认同成为渴望寻找自己文化定位的流散者的一种生存选择。     

论社区矫正中矫正地变更的若干问题

我国以社区矫正人员的居住地为矫正地。矫正地变更主要包括迁居型、暂离型、外出型三种类型。迁居型矫正地变更后,由新矫正地的社区矫正机构进行矫正;暂离型矫正地变更后,由现居住地矫正机构委托异地暂时居住地社区矫正机构进行矫正;外出型矫正地变更须由现矫正地社区矫正机构进行延伸矫正,并强化矫正措施。     

Designing optimal food safety monitoring schemes using Bayesian network and integer programming: The case of monitoring dioxins and DL-PCBs

Efficient food safety monitoring should achieve optimal resource allocation. In this article, a methodology is presented to optimize the use of resources for food safety monitoring aimed at identifying noncompliant samples and estimating background level of hazards in food products. A Bayesian network (BN) model and an optimization model were combined in a single framework. The framework was applied to monitoring dioxins and dioxin-like polychlorinated biphenyls (DL-PCBs) in primary animal-derived food products in the Netherlands. The BN model was built using a national dataset with monitoring results of dioxins and DL-PCBs in animal-derived food products over a 10-year period (2008–2017). These data were used to estimate the probability of detecting suspect samples with dioxins and DL-PCBs levels above preset thresholds, given certain sample conditions. The results of the BN model were then inserted into the optimization model to compute an optimal monitoring scheme. Model estimates showed that the probability of dioxins and DL-PCBs exceeding threshold limits was higher in laying hen eggs and sheep meat than in other animal-derived food (except deer meat). Compared with the monitoring scheme used in the Netherlands in 2018, the optimal monitoring scheme would save around 10,000 EUR per year. This could be obtained by reallocating monitoring resources from products with lower probability of dioxin and DL-PCBs exceeding threshold limits (e.g., pig meat) to products with higher probability (e.g., bovine animal meat), and by shifting sample collection from the last quarter of the year toward the first three quarters of the year.     

Stratification and mobility in contemporary Egypt

The objectives in this statement are to characterize and explain the patterns of change in stratification and mobility in Egypt, over the last half century, by placing them within conceptual, explanatory, and historical contexts. First, literature relevant to the primary concepts of "class" and "status", is reviewed. Second, four institutions whose influence is fundamental in shaping these patterns are identified to form an explanatory context: family, polity, economy, and education. And third, an historical account is presented to demonstrate the interplay of these institutions and their consequences for stratification and mobility. For this, four periods are identified that are marked by change in the dominance of institutions and their corresponding influence on stratification and mobility. In addition to data available in relevant literature, this analysis utilizes primary data generated through a national probability household survey.     

Tests of non-monotonic stochastic aging notions in reliability theory

Testing of various classes of life distributions has been a subject of investigation for more than four decades. In this study we restrict ourselves to the problem of testing exponentiality against non-monotonic aging notions. We model non-monotonic aging using the notions of bathtub failure rate, increasing and then decreasing mean residual life and new worse then better than used in expectation classes. The different tests of exponentiality against these alternatives are discussed in detail.     

民族文化对电子政府准备的影响

本文以综合指标考察电子政府准备,主要目的是考察民族文化与电子政府之间的关系,建立民族文化对电子政府准备影响的理论框架,检验民族文化是否对电子政府准备具有重要作用.     

Generalized method of moments for an extended gamma process

In reliability theory, a widely used process to model the phenomena of the cumulative deterioration of a system over time is the standard gamma process (SGP). Based on several restrictions, such as a constant variance-to-mean ratio, this process is not always a suitable choice to describe the deterioration. A way to overcome these restrictions is to use an extended version of the gamma process introduced by Cinlar (1980), which is characterized by shape and scale functions. In this article, the aim is to propose statistical methods to estimate the unknown parameters of parametric forms of the shape and scale functions. We here develop two generalized methods of moments (Hansen 1982 Hansen, L. P. 1982. Large sample properties of generalized method of moments estimators. Econometrica 50 (4):1029–54.[Crossref], [Web of Science ®] , [Google Scholar]), based either on the moments or on the Laplace transform of an extended gamma process. Asymptotic properties are provided and a Wald-type test is derived, which allows to test SGPs against extended ones with a specific parametric shape function. Also, the performance of the proposed estimation methods is illustrated on simulated and real data.