Field study of age-differentiated strain for assembly line workers in the automotive industry

A field study in an automotive supply industry company was conducted to explore age-differentiated strain of assembly line workers. Subjective and objective data from 23 female workers aged between 27 and 57 years were collected at the workplace belt buckle assembly during morning shifts. Subjects with medication or chronic diseases affecting heart rate and breath rate were excluded. For subjective data generation different questionnaires were used. Before the Work Ability Index and the Munich Chronotype Questionnaire were completed by the subjects. Short questionnaires (strain-ratings, NASA-TLX) directly at begin and end of the work were used for obtaining shift-related data. During the whole shift (6 a.m. - 2.45 p.m.) bodily functions were logged with a wireless chest strap. In addition, the motion of the hand-arm-system was recorded for 30 times, 3 minutes each after a fixed time-schedule. First results show that younger subjects need significant less time for assembly (mean = 14.940 s) compared to older subjects (mean = 17.040 s; t(472.026) = -9.278 , p < 0.01).     

Sind türkischstämmige Kinder beim Schulstart im Nachteil?

This article analyses the effect of a Turkish migration background on the risk of delayed school entry. Besides the social background, we control general and host country specific individual skill levels of the child. We assume that children’s individual skills can affect the school entry decision both directly and indirectly. We use data of the longitudinal project “Preschool education and educational careers among migrant children” (German acronym ESKOM VG). About 500 German parents and 500 Turkish-origin parents were interviewed in this study. Standardized developmental tests were conducted with the children in various domains. We find that the Turkish migration background does not have an independent effect on the probability of delayed school entry when the social background and individual skills are controlled. We furthermore disentangle the indirect effect of the Turkish migration background using the khb method. The results indicate that mathematic skills and cultural knowledge have the largest contribution on this indirect effect.     

"大跃进"时期"蚂蚁啃骨头"的机械加工方法的兴起

1958年,"大跃进"进入高潮,机械工业的发展呈现出诸多耐人寻味的现象。在当时特殊的背景下,"蚂蚁啃骨头"的机械加工方法得到了重视和推广。此加工方法涉及冷、热两大类的机械加工问题,其中"蚂蚁"主要是指所谓的"移动式"机床和"积木式"机床,而"骨头"则是指经铸、锻、焊接等方法处理后的大型工件。"蚂蚁啃骨头"的加工方法主要是依靠工人的经验所采取的一种代用的技术方法,它解决了当时机械加工行业的生产困难,但也被赋予了很强的政治色彩。这种加工方法从一个侧面反映了20世纪五六十年代中国装备制造的工业基础、技术水平,也展示出中国当代的政治、经济和文化等因素对技术发展的影响。     

垫江牡丹生产现状、存在问题及对策

通过对垫江牡丹繁殖、栽种、管理等生产现状的调查，总结了在生产过程中存在的发展规划不力、牡丹品种单一、生产管理粗放、缺乏龙头企业带动等问题，并针对上述问题提出了对策.     

Kazakhstan's Economic Challenges: How To Manage the Oil Boom?

Kazakhstan's economic performance over the past six years has been impressive. Yet, a number of challenges remain. This paper discusses the management of oil revenues, the oil infrastructure, and the development of the oil and nonoil sectors of the economy.     

毛泽东"结合"思想研究

以毛泽东为代表的中国共产党在我国民主革命和社会主义革命的过程中,成功实现了这一"结合",取得了革命事业的伟大胜利.我国的社会主义建设虽然受过挫折,但在十一届三中全会以后,党总结了革命时期"结合"的经验,吸取了经济建设中遭受挫折的教训,又成功地将马列主义、毛泽东思想的普遍原理与中国社会主义建设的具体实践结合起来了,开始了有中国特色的社会主义建设大业.无疑,这是以毛泽东为代表的中国共产党人成功运用马克思主义普遍原理与中国革命具体实践相结合这一原则的胜利成果.     

Environment, transnational labor migration, and gender: case studies from southern Yucatán, Mexico and Vermont, USA

Gender shapes the migration–environment association in both origin and destination communities. Using quantitative and qualitative data, we juxtapose these gender dimensions for a labor migrant-sending location of Mexico’s southern Yucatán with those for a labor migrant-receiving location in Vermont (USA). We illustrate how in the southern Yucatán, circular transnational migration alters pasture, maize and chili production in a peasant field–forest system. Gender norms condition the land-use decisions of migratory households to keep women out of agricultural fields, but in turn may be modified in unexpected ways. With men’s migration, more women assume aspects of land management, including in decision-making and supervision of hired farm labor. In comparison, in Vermont a largely male migrant labor force helps maintain an idealized, pastoral landscape with gender deeply embedded in how that labor is constructed and managed.