Comparative estimates of teenage illegitimacy in the United States, 1940–44 to 1970–74

Incompleteness in the reporting of illegitimate births in the U.S. vital registration system due to the consistent nonparticipation of a number of large States has left data published by the National Center for Health Statistics open to considerable criticism. Utilizing retrospective marriage and fertility data from the June 1978 Current Population Survey, a national probability sample of 54,000 interviewed households, a time series on teenage illegitimacy for first births is constructed that permits an evaluation of similar Vital Statistics data on teenage illegitimacy since the 1940s. Although there are some indications of a slight underreporting of white illegitimate first births by Vital Statistics during the 1940s and early 1950s, the overall comparison produces a general consensus between the two data sources on the incidence of illegitimacy among both white and nonwhite teenagers for the period 1940–44 to 1970–74.     

Where in the world does neoliberalism come from?

Neoliberalism is generally understood as a system of ideas circulated by a network of right-wing intellectuals, or as an economic system mutation resulting from crises of profitability in capitalism. Both interpretations prioritize the global North. We propose an approach to neoliberalism that prioritizes the experience of the global South, and sees neoliberalism gaining its main political strength as a development strategy displacing those hegemonic before the 1970s. From Southern perspectives, a distinct set of issues about neoliberalism becomes central: the formative role of the state, including the military; the expansion of world commodity trade, including minerals; agriculture, informality, and the transformation of rural society. Thinkers from the global South who have foregrounded these issues need close attention from the North and exemplify a new architecture of knowledge in critical social science.     

Reviews

Emmanuel Le Roy Ladurie, Montaillou: Cathars and Catholics in a French Village, 1294–1324, translated by Barbara Bray (1978), xvii+383 (The Scolar Press, £12.50).

Alan Macfarlane, The Origins of English Individualism. The Family, Property and Social Transition (Oxford, 1978), xvi+216 (Basil Blackwell. £8.50).

Thomas A. Brady, Jr., Ruling Class, Régime and Reformation at Strasbourg 1520–1555 (1978), xxi+458 (Brill, Leiden, 124 guilders).

Andrew B. Appleby, Famine in Tudor and Stuart England (1978) x+250 (Liverpool University Press, Liverpool, £10.75). Victor Skipp, Crisis and Development. An ecological case study of the Forest of Arden, 1570–1674 (1978) xii+132 (Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, £6.50).

Patricia Branca, Women in Europe since 1750 (1978), 233 (Croom Helm, £8.95, paperback £3.95).

John W. Blassingame (ed.), Slave Testimony: Two Centuries of Letters, Speeches, Interviews, and Autobiographies (1977), lxv+777 (Louisiana State University Press, Baton Rouge, paperback £7.50).

Jonas Frykman, Horaa i bondesamhället (1977), 230 (Liber Läromedel, Lund, 24 Sw. cr.). (The Whore in Peasant Society)

Helmut Bleiber (ed.), Bourgeoisie uad bürgerliche Umwälzuagin Deutschland 1789–1871 (Akademie der Wissenschaften der DDR: Schriften des Institute für Geschichte, 50, 1977) xii+525 (Akademie‐Verlag, East Berlin, 48M). (Bourgeoisie and Bourgeois Upheaval in Germany 1789–1871)

A. P. Donajgrodzki (ed.), Social Control in Nineteenth‐Century Britain (1977)! 258 (Croom Helm, £8.50).

Anthony S. Wohl (ed.), The Victorian Family (1978), 224 (Croom Helm, £7.95).

M. J. Daunton, Coal Metropolis Cardiff 1870–1914 (1977), 260 (Leicester University Press, Leicester, £12.00).

W. A. Speck, Stability and Strife: England 1714–1760 (1977), viii+311 (Edward Arnold, £9.95, paperback £3.50).

Howard Newby, The Deferential Worker: a study of farm workers in East Anglia (1977), 462 (Allen Lane, £9.00).

John Stevenson and Chris Cook, The Slump: Society and Politics during the Depression (1977), 348 (Jonathan Cape, £8.95).     

Lives of the businessmen. Reflections on life-history method and contemporary hegemonic masculinity

Life-history research is a difficult and time-consuming but extraordinarily fruitful method of research for social analysis in general, and gender analysis specifically. Its potential is illustrated through two case studies drawn from an Australian project on corporate masculinities. One reveals an older style of local hegemonic masculinity that faces difficulties in a globalizing economy; the other is more technocratic and globally oriented but suggests some of the difficulties in modernizing managerial masculinity. The specifically historical character of the life-history is emphasised, as a key to its usefulness in decoding the dynamics of the gender order.     

In support of evidence-based management and research-informed HRD through HRD professional partnerships: an empirical and comparative study

This article describes a programme of practice-grounded empirical management research set within an NHS Trust Hospital in the UK that was conducted as part of an HRD Professional Partnership of the kind advocated by Jacobs (1997). The research was concerned with identifying the criteria of managerial effectiveness at the middle and front-line levels of management using critical incident technique and factor analytic methods. The results are compared against those from an equivalent partnership research study carried out previously by the author within one part of the British Civil Service, namely the Anglia Collection of HM Customs & Excise. The findings lend support to the notion of the 'universally effective manager', and provide empirical support for the potential development of evidence-based and research-informed approaches to management and human resource development within the case-study NHS Trust Hospital, and possibly beyond.     

Acting ethically,responding culturally: framing the new reproductive and genetic technologies in Sri Lanka

The spread of new reproductive and genetic technologies to the developing world stimulates reflection on the ethical issues they generate. The ‘built-in-ness’ of assumptions about personhood and relationality within these technologies means that local professionals must, perforce, engage with attempts to make sense of new technology with reference to local meanings and traditions or take positions which reject them. This paper explores such attempts to indigenise bioethics in contemporary Sri Lanka with reference to ethical/ cultural conflicts surrounding two practices: donor insemination and consanguinity counselling. The former is discussed in relation to the now defunct practice of polyandry and the latter in relation to matrilateral cross-cousin marriage. The final discussion takes up the consequences of this detailed parsing of local relationality for the larger project of rendering bioethics in some sense comparative.     

FERAL ARCHAEOLOGY AND THE ATLANTIS PROBLEM: THE 'HOAX' TRICK AS DISCURSIVE PATHOLOGY

This article uses a case study of a TV programme, Atlantis Uncovered, an archaeological programme debunking popular ideas of Atlantis and the ancient past, as an instance of a discursive paradox, or discursive pathology, in which defenders of traditional canons of scholarship (science and rationality) decide they must go feral, fighting fire with fire, using the illogical and irrational methods of thought they attribute to what they perceive as the enemies of reason in order to defeat them. The devices used in the archaeological programme are compared with the devices used in a more famous and influential ‘hoax’, Sokal's so-called ‘spoof’ of postmodernism published in the journal Social Text, used to discredit ‘postmodernism’ and cultural studies. The two episodes, with all their differences, suggest that whether these tactics are successful or not, they contradict the core beliefs in rationality and science of their protagonists, illustrating instead the ‘postmodern’ decline in intellectual values that they claim to deplore.     

The bivariate linear model: a geometris approach

The geometric approach to the general linear model is in accessible to the majorityof statistics students be cause the computations require matrix algebra.This article presents the geometric approach for the special case of the bivariate linear model,for which the only tool require dis the in ner product.The geometric approach is introduced by showing the dual2-dimensional and5-dimensional representations of several bivariate samples x of size5.The assumptions of the bivariate model are stated geometrically,and the distributions of the regression coefficient sare derived.Theanalysis of variance(ANOVA)right triangle is pictured and the sides of the triang leare associated with their corresponding entries in the ANOVA table.