The Metaphor Goddess in Three Quarter Time: A Relational Use of Story And Metaphor

This paper explores co-creating, and integrating metaphor and story within the relational space of patient and analyst where new meanings can be co-authored into a more adaptive autobiography—a tale based on the impressions of life. Through this joint construction of intersecting stories, a person has an opportunity to rewrite a story which allows an individual to function more productively and creatively— a goal of psychotherapy.     

Freirian Codifications and Social Work Education

Abstract

Although social workers have been writing about the significance of the Freirian framework for decades, a gap exists in the social work literature on Freirian conscientization—Freire's term for the ongoing learning process involved in co-learning. This article attempts to fill that gap by outlining an approach to training students that will enable them to facilitate conscientization. The approach involves the construction and use of politicizing pictures, which Freire called “codifications”. The author describes Freire's method and gives detailed guidance on how to provide training suitable for social work students. The benefits for social work students with this training are that they will be better able to facilitate reflection and abstraction, will become more sensitive to different oppressed groups, and will become more dialogical.     

Evaluating Students’ Micro Practice Field Performance

The current study represents an effort to determine whether a universally recognized set of objectives for field-based learning in micro-level practice exists despite apparently widespread belief to the contrary among social work educators. A review of efforts over the past 50 years to conceptualize field learning and an analysis of current data on student performance criteria identified eight learning objectives for field study. These objectives reflect both traditional concepts and contemporary demands on the profession. Based on these learning objectives, the authors have proposed a method for evaluating student performance in the field.     

On a criterion for evaluating an estimator

A criterion for evaluating an estimator of the mean μ of a population is studied. The criterion considered is that the estimator be within a units of μ a large percentage (say, (1-β) 100%) of the time. This is referred to as the α -β criterion for estimating μ. A variation of this criterion is also studied.     

Is it Generalized Anxiety Disorder or Poverty? An Examination of Poor Mothers and Their Children

This paper addresses generalized anxiety disorder in poor families and argues that DSM definitions have led to an expansion in the domains of what is considered disorder. Social factors, which are importantly involved in many samples used to study GAD, have been overlooked. This was a secondary analysis of data from the Fragile Families and Child Wellbeing Study (N?=?4,898). The findings confirmed that the poorest mothers had greater odds of being classified as having generalized anxiety disorder. We also conducted a structural equation model. Our findings suggest that anxiety in poor mothers is not psychiatric, but a reaction to severe environmental deficits. Thus assessment and interventions should be targeted at the environmental level and diagnostic labels should be used judiciously.     

Adolescent Depression and Future Smoking Behavior: A Prospective Study

The aim of the study was to examine the associations between depressive symptoms and smoking, concurrently and prospectively, in adolescents in America, the evaluation of depressive symptoms according to different group’s smoking status, and the assessed associations between concurrent depressive level and success in smoking cessation. The participants were 2,735 boys and 2,890 girls from the Add Health data set. The prospective analysis indicated that participants with higher depressive symptoms in Wave I were more likely to start smoking and become regular smokers in Wave II. Moreover, regression analysis found that depressive symptoms in both Waves I and II predicted current smoking status. Findings are discussed within the context of the empirical and theoretical review and implications for social work practice are considered.     

Adolescent Emotion Socialization: A Longitudinal Study of Friends' Responses to Negative Emotions

Although peer influences are thought to be critically important to adolescent development, there is a paucity of research investigating the emotion socialization practices that take place between adolescents. This longitudinal study evaluated close friends' responses to negative emotion using a newly developed assessment tool of peer emotion socialization, you and your friends. Adolescent participants (N = 205) exhibiting a range of internalizing and externalizing problems between 11 and 17 years of age were assessed and re‐evaluated two years later. Participants were asked to rate the frequency with which their friends responded to them by encouraging, distracting, matching, ignoring, overtly victimizing, and/or relationally victimizing their emotions. The results indicated high levels of internal consistency and moderate levels of long‐term stability. Close friends most often responded supportively to the participants' emotional displays, but these responses differed by gender. Also, friends' emotion socialization responses were concurrently and predictively associated with participant problem status. This study contributes to a better understanding of the processes by which adolescents' emotions are socialized by their friends and has important implications for future prevention and intervention efforts.     

乘坐公交车的自行车

正我的高中同学小雨在温哥华留学工作很多年,她帮助我很快在温哥华安顿了下来。恰逢休息日,我俩打算先去位于温哥华市中心的斯坦利公园。小雨的建议是我俩都骑自行车去,因为斯坦利公园很大,风景宜人,在那里骑自行车观光是最合适的。她在公交站台停下,对我说我们要坐公交车去斯坦利公园。我这时吓了一跳,我俩推着自行车呢,这怎么坐公交车。正在将信将疑之时,一辆公交车驶停站台,这时公交车司机居然亲自下