Women’s microfinance participation and HIV literacy in Bangladesh: results from a nationally representative study

ABSTRACT

This study evaluated the association between microfinance participation and HIV literacy within a nationally representative sample of 3,614 married women aged 15–49 years from the Bangladesh Demographic and Health Survey, 2011. Using logistic regression, we assessed the relationship between microfinance participation and HIV literacy. Controlling for demographic factors such as wealth, age, and education, we found that microfinance participants were 30% more likely to be HIV literate, in comparison with women who did not participate in microfinance. These results suggest that microfinance is a cost-effective way to enhance HIV literacy for poor, less educated women in rural areas of Bangladesh.     

Attitudes toward lesbian, gay, and bisexual college students: the contribution of pluralistic ignorance, dynamic social impact, and contact theories

Social psychology theories may be useful in developing new interventions to reduce prejudice against lesbian, gay, and bisexual (LGB) college students. For this preliminary study, the authors surveyed 109 college dormitory residents to determine their personal comfort with LGB students and their perceptions of other students' comfort with these individuals. They found widespread evidence of pluralistic ignorance--the students rated themselves as significantly less anti-gay than either their friends or the typical student. Students' attitudes showed geographic clustering, with the building of residence a significant predictor of students' attitudes. Finally, consistent with the contact hypothesis, the perception that 1 or 2 LGB students lived on the same floor or in the same building was associated with more positive attitudes.     

基于WebGL的织物模拟展示系统开发

为了在计算机辅助设计(CAD)中实现织物模拟功能,设计了一个基于WebGL的织物模拟展示系统。通过K means聚类算法提取光照影响下的真实织物组织结构;基于实际组织结构对织物图案进行二维效果模拟;利用二维模拟效果图进行区域划分,使用伪曲面网格模型结构,在基于WebGL的三维模拟中对应三维模型上的自定义区域,最后融合光照模型能模拟出织物在实际三维场景下的真实感模拟效果。模拟结果表明可以得到具有真实感的效果,实现了模拟效果的场景化。该系统可以很好的实现织物二维和三维模拟的结合,具有辅助设计的功能和较好的实用价值。     

Winning and Giving: Football Results and Alumni Giving at Selective Private Colleges and Universities

Objective . Our central question is how changes in an institution's football success affect giving behavior. Also, we consider whether former varsity athletes are more or less sensitive in their giving behavior than other alumni to the competitive success of their school and whether such effects differ by type of institution. Methods . Using micro data from 15 academically selective private colleges and universities, the analysis presents fixed-effects estimates of how football winning percentages affect giving behavior. Results . General giving rates are unaffected by won-lost records at the high-profile Division IA schools and at the Ivy League schools. Increases in winning percentages yield modest positive increases in giving rates, particularly among former atheletes, at the lower-profile Division III liberal arts colleges. Conclusions . While there is a modest positive effect at Division III colleges, our results do not support the notion that winning and giving go hand-in-hand at the selective private universities that play big-time football.     

Prevention of family maltreatment in the U.S. Air Force: A systematic review of research on active-duty military personnel

ABSTRACT

Systematic review procedures are used to empirically evaluate the “implicit” logic model that guides the Air Force Family Advocacy Program’s secondary prevention efforts of family maltreatment among active-duty Air Force members. Searches of seven electronic databases and manual searches of 10 journals yielded 586 peer-reviewed articles published in 2000 or later. This review synthesizes the findings of 23 quantitative studies meeting inclusion criteria, including the prediction of some form of family maltreatment among U.S. active-duty military members. Based on review results, we identify critical success variables that function as family protective factors to decrease the likelihood of family maltreatment. These modifiable variables include formal supports, such as ecosystem supports from installation and unit leaders; informal supports, such as the social support of fellow service members and their families; and safe, stable, and nurturing family processes. The results generally align with the implicit logic model but suggest the model should be extended to include intrapersonal vulnerabilities and assets as well as contextual risks and assets. In addition to informing secondary prevention efforts in the Air Force, this novel use of systematic review procedures offers a strategy for evaluating logic models in other areas of prevention research, practice, or policy.     

我国排污许可管理制度的立法协同与规范共治结构研究

排污许可管理制度建立的基本价值诉求是实现环境保护的公平正义,体现"环境保护与经济发展相协调"与"污染者担责"的环境法治原则.我国在《生态文明体制改革总体方案》中已经明确了排污许可制度在环境治理法律体系中的核心地位.排污许可管理制度在环境治理体系中侧重于过程治理阶段,从全周期治理结构的连续性上与其他环境管理制度协同性较差.我国排污许可管理制度不仅应当从环境质量管理、流域区域纳污监管规则等方面着手,而且应当有效地解决现有环境法规范的结构性问题,实现《排污许可管理条例》与其他环境法律规范相互协同,进而夯实《排污许可管理条例》在环境治理法律体系中的地位,实现环境法律规范共治的规制效果.     

Social Capital, Social Funds and Poor Communities: An Exploratory Analysis

Social capital has captured the attention of social policy-makers and development administrators, with its emphasis on social relationships, civic participation, collaborative action and norms of reciprocity. Social funds support small-scale community-based development projects aimed primarily at reducing poverty. This article synthesizes the relevant literature and explores the nexus between social capital and social funds in relation to poor communities. Drawing upon primary research in Jamaica, the article reports the outcomes of eight social fund sub-projects that involved local organizations in community-driven development processes. It analyses the role of social networks and the influence of community power structures in social capital creation. Social policy implications of the findings are discussed.     

THE CHALLENGE OF MANUFACTURING ADVANTAGE

In spite of the significant progress made by a wide range of manufacturing companies over the past decade, few senior executives in U.S. firms would point to manufacturing as a significant source of competitive advantage. This paper seeks to explore some of the basic reasons for this. It begins by providing a framework for manufacturing competitiveness. It then outlines a handful of characteristics that seem to have been pervasive in a wide range of manufacturing competitiveness programs over the past decade. In contrast to those characteristics, it uses three quite different organizations to illustrate a very different mode for pursuing manufacturing competitiveness. Finally, the paper concludes by outlining three elements that appear to be essential in the successful pursuit of manufacturing advantage.     

安徽省PPP项目实施现状分析及对策建议

对于PPP项目的研究,应考虑地理位置、社会环境等客观差异的存在。全国PPP项目管理库中安徽实施PPP项目的行业分布、项目各阶段状况、PPP回报机制及PPP运营模式等相关数据透露出,安徽省PPP项目在实际运作过程中存在PPP项目实施制度和机制不完善、顶层设计缺乏针对性、民营企业被歧视、回报机制不完善、金融机构支持力度不足、运作模式单一等问题。建议:切实保护社会资本合理利益,提高民营企业参与度;优化回报机制,提升PPP项目回报的合理性;完善金融机构保障机制,促进PPP模式多元发展。     

生态敏感区农户多维贫困测度与精准扶贫优先序分析

为实现精准识别和精准扶贫的目标,通过多维贫困测度法探索贫困的深度和诱因变得尤为重要。基于陕西省商洛市商州区的调研数据,采用Alkire Foster多维贫困测度方法从收入、健康、教育、生活设施和自然地理环境5个维度对贫困地区农户进行多维贫困测度与分解。研究表明：（1）单一维度上,农户贫困状况仍然不容乐观,各维度贫困发生率存在显著差异;（2）多维度贫困测度上,多维贫困指数随着贫困剥夺维度K的增加而不断减小,变化趋势呈现倒“S”型曲线,变化速度呈现先上升后下降的倒“U”型趋势;（3）多维贫困指数以及发生率高于其他研究,表明生态敏感区的异质程度高;（4）多维贫困指数存在地区异质性;（5）多维贫困指数的贡献率存在维度差异性,教育、收入、健康和基础设施是造成贫困的重要原因。