战争文化心理下的讽刺小说--浅析沙汀和张天翼的讽刺小说

战争文化心理是在20世纪二三十年代形成的一种社会心理积淀,是中国历史发展之必然,即战争观念、战争意识占据文化心理的主导位置,从而使战争特征超越其他文化心理特征而形成的一种普遍的社会心理.其形成是内因与外因结合的产物.沙汀和张天翼的讽刺小说,在人物塑造上体现的二元对立,与小说的语言、结构、选材上体现的目的指向性,均流露出战争的价值判断.     

Singlehood

This study reports some of the results of an inquiry into objective social isolation and feelings of loneliness in a stratified sample of 556 adults (unmarried, divorced, widowed, and married men and women). Given a recent marked increase in the number of singles in the Netherlands, special attention is paid to the single respondents. The results of this study give evidence that unmarried, divorced, and widowed people are, on the average, lonelier than married people. Within the subgroup of unmarried and divorced people living alone, some men and women were found who could be described as “creative singles.” The analysis shows that “creative singles” seem to be able to cope with their situation of living alone. For example, they report few feelings of loneliness, in contrast to the situation of the rest of the group of people living alone.     

数字的运用与中国古代诗歌批评的精确化倾向

运用数字进行诗歌批评在中国古代诗歌批评中是一种非常普遍的方法,但并没有引起当代学者的注意和重视。其实,它在方法上是一种创新,同时更重要的是它表现了中国古代诗歌批评追求精确的一面。它在自身的发展过程中形成了一些鲜明的特色,其产生的原因是复杂的,其中最值得注意的是它与诗歌教育有着密切的联系。     

Belief Systems and Evolution: A Distinction between Magic and Religion and its Implications for Socio-Cultural Change*

La controverse au sujet des definitions de la magie et de la religion est dtudiee. Afin de reduire I'ambiguite, on elabore une typologie des systemes de croyance qui differencie tout aussi bien magie et religion que science et ideologic Les consequences de ce schema, pour comprendre 1'evaluation socio-culturelle, sont examinees. II y est suggere qu'au fur et a mesure que des systemesisociaux mieux adaptes se sont developpes, ils ont eu tendance a mettre l'accent sur la science et l'ideologie plutot que sur la magie et la religion. The controversy over the definitions of magic and religion is surveyed. As a solution, a typology of belief systems is constructed which not only differentiates magic and religion, but science and ideology as well. This scheme's implications for socio-cultural evolution are explored. It is suggested that, as increasingly adaptive social systems have evolved, they have tended to emphasize science and ideology rather than magic and religion.     

Jealousy in sexually open marriages

One hundred twenty-five men and 125 women, all Dutch and mostly liberal middle-class, responded to a series of scales measuring present, past, and anticipated jealousy as well as a variety of variables thought to be correlated with jealousy. All respondents were or had been in a sexually open marriage in which one or both partners had had an extramarital involvement. Women were more jealous than men. A variety of negative and positive consequences of spouse's extramarital involvement are presented. Individual and marital variables such as self-esteem, age, emotional dependency, and marital satisfaction were only weakly related to jealousy if at all. Only two of four major perceived causes for the reduction of jealousy in the relationship were related to jealousy anticipated in future jealousy-provoking situations. The findings are discussed in connection with sex roles, the threats that trigger jealousy, and a theoretical model of jealousy presented elsewhere. Author's Note: The author thanks Gregory L. White for editorial assistance on this article.     

重庆市少数民族地区教育问题及对策探讨

为了促进重庆市少数民族地区教育的发展 ,我们选取了市内少数民族聚居地———黔江开发区的五个民族自治县作为研究重点。该地区的教育发展至今 ,已初步形成了一个教育大体系 ,但由于教育观念落后、自然和经济条件落后、教育经费投入不足等原因 ,使得学校办学条件差、拖欠教师工资、师资队伍弱小、职业技术教育薄弱 ;据此 ,必须改变教育观念、增加教育经费投入、加强经费管理、发展职业技术教育和进行师资队伍建设 ,并开展对口支援。     

“一分为三”模式探析

(AA———Aa———aa) n 可以作为“一分为三”之模式 ,当n =0时 ,表示“无”事物 ,“无”就是“有” ,就是一种特殊的存在。当n =1时 ,表示一个事物存在着三个方面。当n =n时 ,表示n个事物相互作用时 ,结果为 :AAn、aan 和处于中间状态的Aan……。从而说明事物存在着AA、Aa、aa三种状态且三者在自然的、生态的和人类社会的环境中通常处于平衡状态。事物相互作用可以用 (AA———Aa———aa) n 来表达其“一分为三”的规律性。可以反映和说明生物遗传变异的一般规律。     

中国共产党80年奋斗的成功之本与新世纪展望

中国共产党80年奋斗的成功历程说明中国共产党的三代领导集体是坚强有力的,中国共产党是马克思主义的政党,是真正"三个代表"的政党.在中国共产党的正确领导下,21世纪的中国将是一个富强、民主、文明、开放、实现祖国统一的国家.