科学价值创造的文化教育条件探析

科学创造活动作为一种特殊的价值创造活动,是一个复杂的社会互动过程,这一活动过程除了要受到科学活动自身发展的内在规律影响外,还与其他社会因素密切相关.文化和教育对科学价值的创造和实现具有重要的制约作用.普遍性原则、自主创造原则和现代的竞争、合作观念是科学价值创造的主要的文化环境,而现代科学教育的思想、手段、内容和结构则构成科学价值创造和实现的重要基础条件.     

按照先进生产力发展要求加快重庆传统产业改造升级

江泽民总书记“七一”重要讲话是我们各项工作的指针,也是加快重庆传统产业改造升级、实现重庆经济和社会全面发展进步的强大思想武器.因此,必须首先学习、领会和把握中国先进生产力的发展趋势和要求的深刻内涵,增强用高新技术改造提升传统产业的重要性和紧迫性的认识,并以此为基本思路和采取若干相应对策.     

高校教学工作自我监控和评估的思路和机制

高等学校内部教学质量评估及保障体系是促进和提高学校办学水平的重要机制之一。为了搞好教学工作的自我监控和评估 ,必须首先明确教学工作自我监控的基本目标。在此基础上 ,还要加强教学质量标准研究、教学质量改进和提高的关键因素研究、建立计算机网络环境下的教学信息系统研究等     

Regulation issues in the Italian local transport system: aligning transactions and governance structures

This paper refers to the concept of public governance in the light of Transaction Cost Economics (TCE). While TCE is well developed and widely applied in the private sector, only a few studies have adopted such framework to investigate the provision of public services. We aim at pointing out the coherence between peculiar typologies of transactions and a given set of governance structures, within Local Public Transport systems. The core of the analysis is the alignment between characteristics of transactions and governance structures. The empirical section addresses these issues referring to three case studies, pointing out an articulated organizational configuration in terms of actors involved and governance structures adopted. The analysis shows an alignment between the choices underlying the design of the local transport system and the outcomes expected in terms of TCE.     

A class of semiparametric transormation frailty models with application to estimating treatment effects and heterogenity in aids clinical traials

Muitivariate failure time data are common in medical research; com¬monly used statistical models for such correlated failure-time data include frailty and marginal models. Both types of models most often assume pro¬portional hazards (Cox, 1972); but the Cox model may not fit the data well This article presents a class of linear transformation frailty models that in¬cludes, as a special case, the proportional hazards model with frailty. We then propose approximate procedures to derive the best linear unbiased es¬timates and predictors of the regression parameters and frailties. We apply the proposed methods to analyze results of a clinical trial of different dose levels of didansine (ddl) among HIV-infected patients who were intolerant of zidovudine (ZDV). These methods yield estimates of treatment effects and of frailties corresponding to patient groups defined by clinical history prior to entry into the trial.     

Informed Public Preferences for Electricity Portfolios with CCS and Other Low‐Carbon Technologies

Public perceptions of carbon capture and sequestration (CCS) and other low‐carbon electricity‐generating technologies may affect the feasibility of their widespread deployment. We asked a diverse sample of 60 participants recruited from community groups in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania to rank 10 technologies (e.g., coal with CCS, natural gas, nuclear, various renewables, and energy efficiency), and seven realistic low‐carbon portfolios composed of these technologies, after receiving comprehensive and carefully balanced materials that explained the costs and benefits of each technology. Rankings were obtained in small group settings as well as individually before and after the group discussions. The ranking exercise asked participants to assume that the U.S. Congress had mandated a reduction in carbon dioxide emissions from power plants to be built in the future. Overall, rankings suggest that participants favored energy efficiency, followed by nuclear power, integrated gasification combined‐cycle coal with CCS and wind. The most preferred portfolio also included these technologies. We find that these informed members of the general public preferred diverse portfolios that contained CCS and nuclear over alternatives once they fully understood the benefits, cost, and limitations of each. The materials and approach developed for this study may also have value in educating members of the general public about the challenges of achieving a low‐carbon energy future.     

我国现阶段物业管理运营模式初探

本文在回顾了我国物业管理运营历史的基础上,分析了我国物业管理发展的不同阶段及其特征,针对现阶段物业管理运营现状、局限性和发展趋势,提出了基于可持续发展理论的物业管理运营模式。     

Power of the Neyman Smooth Test for Evaluating Multivariate Forecast Densities

We compare and investigate Neyman's smooth test, its components, and the Kolmogorov-Smirnov (KS) goodness-of-fit test for testing the uniformity of multivariate forecast densities. Simulations indicate that the KS test lacks power when the forecast distributions are misspecified, especially for correlated sequences of random variables. Neyman's smooth test and its components work well in samples of size typically available, although there sometimes are size distortions. The components provide directed diagnosis regarding the kind of departure from the null. For illustration, the tests are applied to forecast densities obtained from a bivariate threshold model fitted to high-frequency financial data.     

Survival Trees: An Alternative Non-Parametric Multivariate Technique for Life History Analysis

In this paper an extension of tree-structured methodology to cover censored survival analysis is discussed. Tree-based methods (also called recursive partitioning) provide a useful alternative to the classical survival data analysis techniques, such as the semi-parametric model of Cox, whenever the main purpose is defining groups of individuals, either with complete or censored life history, having different survival probability, based on the values of selected covariates. The essential feature of recursive partitioning is the construction of a decision rule in the form of a binary tree. Trees generally require fewer assumptions than classical methods and handle non standard and non linear data structures efficiently. Tree-growing methods make the processes of covariate selection and grouping of categories in event history models explicit. An example concerning the analysis of time to marriage of Italian women is presented.