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51.
Pam Sammons Iram Siraj‐Blatchford Kathy Sylva Edward Melhuish Brenda Taggart Karen Elliot 《International Journal of Social Research Methodology》2013,16(3):207-224
The Effective Provision of Pre‐school Education (EPPE) project is a longitudinal study of young children between the ages of 3 and 7 years. Research began in 1997 and both quantitative and qualitative methods were used to explore the effects of pre‐school education on children’s attainment and social/behavioural development at entry to school, and of any continuing effects on such outcomes at the end of Key Stage 1 (age 7). The sample included over 3,000 children and 141 pre‐school centres drawn from six different types of providers. In addition, a home sample of children who had not attended a pre‐school centre was included. In order to identify the processes that might influence centre effectiveness, observational data were collected and centre managers interviewed. In‐depth case studies of 12 more effective centres were used to explore and illuminate the processes, particularly in relation to pedagogy, associated with better child outcomes. A mixed method approach was adopted to simultaneously answer both confirmatory and exploratory questions, to support user engagement and provide triangulation. The paper argues that the mixed method approach supported the development of stronger research inferences. 相似文献
52.
Erin Abu-Rish Blakeney Betty Bekemeier Brenda K. Zierler 《Race and social problems》2020,12(2):87-102
The purpose of this study was to explore relationships between the Great Recession in the United States and maternal and child health (MCH) disparities in 相似文献
53.
The current study focused on jealousy between toddler and preschool siblings. Sixty-two families participated in triadic interaction sessions, in which mothers and then fathers were instructed to focus on one child (older sibling or toddler) while encouraging the other child to play with other toys in the room. Results indicated that child jealousy reactions differed between mothers and fathers, and parents behaved differently with older and younger siblings. Although older and younger siblings showed jealousy, older children were better than their toddler-age siblings at regulating jealousy responses and engaging in focused play. Further, younger siblings showed differences in jealous behavior when interacting with each parent, whereas older siblings showed somewhat greater behavioral consistency across parents, indicating internalization of emotion regulation style. Mothers expressed more happiness than fathers, and parents responded differently to older versus younger siblings' behaviors. Findings underscore the importance of examining emotion regulation processes within salient family relationships and of considering sibling interaction as a socialization context in which young children learn to negotiate emotional challenges. 相似文献
54.
The problem of estimating, under arbitrary quadratic loss, the location vector parameter θ of a p-variate distribution (p ≥ 3) with unknown covari-ance matrix ∑ = α2 D (where D is a known diagonal matrix) is considered. A large class of improved shrinkage estimators is developed for this problem. This work generalizes results of Berger and Brandwein and Strawderman for the case of a known scale parameter and extends the authors’ results for the class of scale mixtures of normal distributions. 相似文献
55.
The largest national youth organizations have targeted, comprehensive professional development systems. For one of them, Girls Incorporated, its mission "to inspire all girls to be strong, smart, and bold" drives sophisticated, evaluated professional development for affiliate staff and trustees. 相似文献
56.
This article explores how the growth in concentration of the retail trade has influenced both the strategies and performances of brands within the FMCG industry. Three mature markets within the FMCG industry—tea, toothpaste and dishwashing liquid—are examined over a 13-year period (1982–1993). The study compares the strategies of dominant brands in these markets against those of second tier brands. Four key brand strategies—advertising, distribution, number of brand variants and pricing—are closely examined. The study illustrates the increasing divergence in the strategic profile of dominant and second tier brands and the emergence of a group of brands, termed ‘trapped’ brands, which are particularly vulnerable as a consequence of consolidation of the retail trade. 相似文献
57.
Research shows that media figures can influence the construction of one’s personal and social identity. However, there are few studies that examine representations of stigmatized groups with developmental disorders, such as those with autism spectrum disorders. This research examines the effect of a viewer’s scores on the autism quotient (AQ) and their relationship with homophily and attributional confidence towards Sheldon on The Big Bang Theory, who is suspected of having Asperger’s syndrome (AS). Guided by uncertainty reduction theory the results indicated a positive relationship between the dimensions of the AQ and homophily with Sheldon, and a positive relationship between higher scores on the AQ and attributional confidence towards Sheldon. The implications of identification with fictional television characters for individuals with AS, and the application of the AQ in future research are discussed relative to the current findings. 相似文献
58.
Debates surrounding class inequality and social mobility often highlight the role of higher education in reducing income inequality and promoting equity through upward social mobility. We explore the lived experience of social mobility through an analysis of 11 semistructured interviews with Canadian academics who self‐identified as having working‐class or impoverished family origins. While economic capital increased substantially, cultural capital and habitus left many feeling like cultural outsiders. Isolation—both chosen and imposed—reduced professional networks, diminishing social capital. Caught between social worlds, participants mobilized symbolic capital in moral boundary marking, aligning themselves strategically with either their current class status or their working‐class roots. While upward social mobility is a path toward reducing economic inequality, the lived experience of social mobility suggests it may exact a high emotional cost. 相似文献
59.
Smith BD Kalayil EJ Patel-Larson A Chen B Vaughan M 《Evaluation and program planning》2012,35(1):16-24
The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), Division of HIV/AIDS Prevention (DHAP) conducted outcome monitoring studies on evidence-based interventions (EBIs) provided by CDC-funded community-based organizations (CBOs). Critical to the success of outcome monitoring was the ability of CBOs to recruit and retain clients in evaluation studies. Two EBIs, Video Opportunities for Innovative Condom Education and Safer Sex (VOICES/VOCES) and Healthy Relationships, were evaluated using repeated measure studies, which require robust follow-up retention rates to increase the validity and usefulness of the findings. The retention rates were high for both VOICES/VOCES CBOs (95.8% at 30 days and 91.1% at 120 days), and Healthy Relationships CBOs (89.5% at 90 days and 83.5% at 180 days). This paper presents an overview of the retention of clients, challenges to follow-up, and strategies developed by CBOs to achieve high retention rates. These strategies and rates are discussed within the context of the CBOs’ target populations and communities. 相似文献
60.
Steven Garasky Susan D. Stewart Craig Gundersen Brenda J. Lohman 《Population research and policy review》2010,29(3):363-393
The majority of studies of nonresident father involvement focus on either child support payments or visitation. However, nearly
60% of custodial parents receive in-kind (i.e., noncash) support of some form. Using data from a nationally representative
sample of children with nonresident fathers (the Child Development Supplement of the Panel Study of Income Dynamics), we simultaneously
investigate via a trivariate probit model the relationships among three aspects of father involvement: child support, in-kind
support, and visitation. We find that these dimensions of involvement are positively related and highly intertwined with the
strongest positive relationship being between in-kind support and visitation. Additionally, these aspects of involvement have
different sets of determinants. Economic characteristics of the resident household are more frequently associated with the
receipt of child support, while demographic characteristics of the child, mother, father and resident household are related
to all three aspects of nonresident father involvement. Generally speaking, when differences in impacts of determinants vary
for lower and higher income resident families, the differences are related to the receipt of child support. Fewer differences
are observed with regard to in-kind support receipt or with visitation. Our model also measures how unobserved factors are
related to these facets of involvement. Most notable across income groups is that unobserved factors are positively related
for child support and in-kind support receipt for higher income resident households. This relationship is insignificant for
lower income resident households. 相似文献