Exclusion From School: A First Step in Exclusion From Society?

SUMMARY. In recent years increasing concerns have been expressed about the behaviour of young people in Britain and responses to it. Within schools this has focused on the nature and incidence of violent and disruptive behaviour displayed by children and levels of exclusion. Perceptions that ‘too many children’ are excluded from school have prompted inquiries by the government, professional teaching associations and independent researchers and generated considerable media interest. This paper analyses existing evidence and identifies remaining gaps in knowledge concerning exclusion from school. In conclusion the authors argue that an adequate understanding of exclusion from school can only be achieved by locating it within the wider debate concerning social control and civic exclusion.     

Effective Leadership Styles in Family Therapy

Leadership studies in group work have found that leadership style is an important factor in influencing the success of a group. It is vital that family therapists also consider this area and examine their leadership behaviour and its effectiveness in helping the family they see. In this paper a model is presented which links leadership style with the types of families coming for treatment, and to changes in their functioning over time.     

Knowledge and Women's Interests: Issues of Epistemology and Methodology in Feminist Sociological Research*

This analysis focuses on feminist methodology in the field of sociology by surveying the techniques used in recent research concerning gender-related topics as well as feminist analyses of epistemological assumptions underlying the conduct of inquiry. In addition to the critique and reformulation of standard research practice, feminist methodology involves the development of innovative methodological approaches, including visual techniques, conversational and textual analysis, and analysis of spontaneous events. Linked to the development of innovation is the feminist analysis of the epistemological assumptions which underlie different ways of knowing. These principles of feminist knowledge include (1) the necessity of continuously and reflexively attending to the significance of gender relations as a basic feature of all social life, including the conduct of research; (2) the centrality of consciousness-raising as a specific methodological tool and as a “way of seeing;” (3) the need to challenge the norm of “objectivity” that assumes a dichotomy between the subject and object of research; (4) the concern for the ethical implications of research; and (5) an emphasis on the transformation of patriarchy and the empowerment of women.     

The Saturday center: A training institution in process

This article describes a training institution in which the primary learning vehicle is the focus on psychotherapists' inner selves. The mission, history, task, rationale, and dilemmas of the institution are explicated. A supervision vignette demonstrates exploration of character issues via parallel process to resolve a learning and treatment impasse.     

Government economic planning in the United Kingdom

The present system has its origins in the 1961. Plowden Report, which spawned both the Public Expenditure Survey and the Medium Term Assessment. The ramifications and requirements of the former provide the hard backbone of U.K. planning; formal indicative planning has not been attempted since the National Plan of 1965. Instead, the Medium Term Assessment provides a feasible range of scenarios for the next 5 years, circulated only within the Treasury but used as background for the main public expenditure and other economic policy decisions, for advice given to nationalized industries, and for information given to NEDO. However, the emphasis in Government relations with the private sector has shifted firmly away from indicative planning to the ‘bottom-up’ approach of the Industrial Strategy. This general framework appears likely to endure.     

Trauma of parent loss through divorce,death, and illness

This paper examines the variations in childrens' responses to parent loss. Initially examined is the effect of institutionalization and foster care, and these experiences are contrasted with that of parent loss through death, divorce, and abandoment. Illustrative case vignettes are offered to attempt to highlight useful concepts drawn from ego psychology and self psychology, theories useful in providing clinicians with more precise diagnostic and prognostic acumen, to enrich ongoing treatment interventions with these child populations.     

The Status of Women in Australian Family Therapy*

This article examines the participation of female family therapists as leaders in Australian family therapy. The involvement of women in publications, education and status positions is presented and shows that women are significantly under-represented in these areas. A brief examination is then made of factors within the profession itself that mitigate against the advancement of women and their inclusion in the upper echelon.     

Narrative and interactional process for preventing harmful struggle in therapy: an integrative empirical model

Resistance or struggle in therapy looms large as a predictor of treatment outcomes. This study organizes the significant empirical data on struggle into a coherent, operational framework for use by therapists in preventing and/or ameliorating harmful struggle in therapy. First, we review the prevalence and significance of struggle. Second, we offer a historical and conceptual overview, with emphasis on a contemporary interactional/systemic perspective on struggle. Third, we provide a synthesis of peer-reviewed research, profiling struggle at speech-act and episode levels of interaction process and across assessment/joining, intervention, and integration-consolidation phases of therapy. Fourth, based upon this review, we propose a three-factor model--consisting of eliciting dialogue, enactments, and accommodation--for successful therapy process relative to the occurrence of struggle.     

Snobby people and just plain folks: Social stratification and rural,low‐status,Appalachian women

Ethnographers have noted the coexistence of a social stratification system and egalitarian beliefs in rural Appalachian communities. For most local people, the conflict inherent in these two perspectives is balanced by community norms that call for informality in personal interactions and modesty in displaying one's status. The assignment of social position is thus unspoken but understood. A study of low‐status women in a rural, Appalachian community found that the women strongly believe in the egalitarian ethic. These same women speak, however, of numerous interactions with higher‐status persons, which result in feelings of being put down, ignored, undervalued, or insulted. The low‐status women revealed their strategies for confirming their view of the world and maintaining their self‐esteem in the face of these insults to self. They tell their stories to sympathetic listeners, apply negative labels to the offenders, and seek out higher status champions. The women's search for economic resources for their families does bring them into frequent contact with higher status persons and renders them continually vulnerable to perceived social insults.