Noninformative priors for the common mean in the bivariate normal distribution

In this paper, we consider some noninformative priors for the common mean in a bivariate normal population. We develop the first-order and second-order matching priors and reference priors. We find that the second-order matching prior is also an HPD matching prior, and matches the alternative coverage probabilities up to the second order. It turns out that derived reference priors do not satisfy a second-order matching criterion. Our simulation study indicates that the second-order matching prior performs better than the reference priors in terms of matching the target coverage probabilities in a frequentist sense. We also illustrate our results using real data.     

Noninformative priors for the normal variance ratio

In this paper, we consider noninformative priors for the ratio of variances in two normal populations. We develop first and second order matching priors. We find that the second order matching prior matches alternative coverage probabilities up to the second order and is also a HPD matching prior. It turns out that among the reference priors, only one-at-a-time reference prior satisfies a second order matching criterion. Our simulation study indicates that the one-at-a-time reference prior performs better than other reference priors in terms of matching the target coverage probabilities in a frequentist sense. This work is supported by Korea Research Foundation Grant (KRF-2004-002-C00041).     

Modifications of the Empirical Likelihood Interval Estimation with Improved Coverage Probabilities

The empirical likelihood (EL) technique has been well addressed in both the theoretical and applied literature in the context of powerful nonparametric statistical methods for testing and interval estimations. A nonparametric version of Wilks theorem (Wilks, 1938 Wilks , S. S. ( 1938 ). The large-sample distribution of the likelihood ratio for testing composite hypotheses . Annals of Mathematical Statistics 9 : 60 – 62 .[Crossref] , [Google Scholar]) can usually provide an asymptotic evaluation of the Type I error of EL ratio-type tests. In this article, we examine the performance of this asymptotic result when the EL is based on finite samples that are from various distributions. In the context of the Type I error control, we show that the classical EL procedure and the Student's t-test have asymptotically a similar structure. Thus, we conclude that modifications of t-type tests can be adopted to improve the EL ratio test. We propose the application of the Chen (1995 Chen , L. ( 1995 ). Testing the mean of skewed distributions . Journal of the American Statistical Association 90 : 767 – 772 .[Taylor & Francis Online], [Web of Science ®] , [Google Scholar]) t-test modification to the EL ratio test. We display that the Chen approach leads to a location change of observed data whereas the classical Bartlett method is known to be a scale correction of the data distribution. Finally, we modify the EL ratio test via both the Chen and Bartlett corrections. We support our argument with theoretical proofs as well as a Monte Carlo study. A real data example studies the proposed approach in practice.     

电位差计灵敏度与工作电源电压关系的探讨

用直流电位差计对电动势(或电压)进行测量时,测量结果是经过两次比较一“校准工作电流”和“测量”才能得到的,因此装置的灵敏度是影响测量结果精度的重要因素,而电位差计工作电源与其灵敏度有复杂的关系.从校准和测量两方面研究电位差计灵敏度与其工作电源电压的关系,对正确使用电位差计,减少实验误差具有重要的指导作用.     

论悬赏广告之法律性质

悬赏广告的法律性质一直存在许多争议,导致日常生活中产生大量纠纷.本文通过对关于悬赏广告法律性质的两种学说,即契约说和单方行为学说进行比较,然后提出笔者的思考,望对司法实践活动有一定参考意义.     

15%保丰1号种衣剂拌种防治小麦白粉病田间药效试验

进行了 1 5 %保丰 1号种衣剂不同使用剂量与多菌灵、三唑酮及空白对照对小麦白粉病的田间药效试验。结果表明 :1 5 %保丰 1号种衣剂能有效防治小麦白粉病 ,其防效优于三唑酮和多菌灵 ,以 1 5 %保丰 1号种衣剂 40 0g有效成分拌 1 0 0kg小麦种子对白粉病的防效最佳     

Ecological factors associated with elder abuse in Taiwan: a systematic review

Elder abuse is a serious issue in Taiwan because of rapid growth among the aging population and the deterioration of traditional values. Understanding of elder abuse in Taiwan has been fragmented, as a bulk of studies have primarily focused on socio-demographic characteristics and past childhood abuse. Only a handful of studies have focused on the environmental contexts. To address this research gap, we systematically review the prevalence, socio-demographic characteristics, and risk factors associated with elder abuse in Taiwan by applying Bronfenbrenner's ecological framework. Twenty-nine research articles are reviewed to address this research gap. Practice and policy implications are also discussed.     

Factors affecting poverty among people with disabilities and antipoverty policies in South Korea

Previous studies analysed factors of poverty among people with disabilities without considering hierarchical or segmented structure by disability type or degree. Such approaches overlooked an auto-correlation problem among observations and overestimated the significance of the coefficient. In this study, a hierarchical generalised linear model (HGLM) was used to overcome these problems. This study found that sex, age, educational level, health condition, employment, being head of the household, area of residence, number of household members, and employment and work-life discrimination all had a significant effect on poverty among people with disabilities. The author suggests more detailed antipoverty policies.     

区域人口城市化的趋势分析——以江苏省为例

在描述区域人口城市化发展趋势时 ,Logistic模型的应用最为广泛。对Logistic模型进行修正 ,并以江苏省人口城市化发展为例 ,对我国区域人口城市化发展趋势进行分析。研究的结果表明 :修正Logistic模型基本上反映了我国区域人口城市化的发展趋势。     

培育医院文化加强医院管理

医院文化是一种管理科学,创建医院文化的目的是树立医院精神,培育职工素质,打造医院核心竞争力,让医院文化为医院创造效益。医院文化要弘扬正确的价值观,体现全心全意为人民服务的宗旨,打造竞争、诚信、守法、和谐的医院文化。