Conceptualizing Household Distribution of Labor from Feminist Theory: Why Power Matters in Psychotherapy

ABSTRACT

This article reviews existing literature on unequal distributions of household labor among heterosexual dual-earner marriages in the United States. Specifically, this article summarizes the literature linking women’s continued performance of the majority of household labor to decreased well-being and overall functioning and situates this problem in the context of psychotherapy. Feminist theory is used to conceptualize this topic by exploring the role of equality in women’s relationships with their spouses. This article suggests that although women and men are likely to agree with the basic tenets of equality, few individuals attain this ideal in psychotherapy due to gender-based assumptions that continue to influence the perceptions and behaviors of all people (e.g., clients and psychotherapists alike). Implications for clinical practice and research are discussed.     

Controlar o incontrolável: esquemas cognitivos de adaptação ao risco sismico

Resumo

Este artigo procura a analisar as estratégias cognitivas utilizadas pelos individuos para lidar com a incerteza associada ao risco sísmico. Postula-se a existência de esquemas de controlo cognitivo de incerteza que teriam como funçâo eliminar a insegurança e a ansiedade associadas à percepçâo do risco sísmico, e restaurar o sentimento de controlo sobre o ambiente. Estes esquemas seriam criados na interacção social e teriam relação com outras formas de pensamento social desenvolvida pelos individuos e pelos grupos.

Apresenta-se um estudo realizado com 300 sujeitos em que estas ideias foram testadas e em que se encontrou apoio para a existência de três esquemas de controlo: um esquema religioso, um esquema político-técnico e um esquema científico. Foram encontradas diferenças na utilizaçâo destes esquemas em funçâo das inserções sociais objectivas dos sujeitos, e associações entre a utilização destes esquemas e a preocupação com a ocorrência futura de um sismo, e com a atribuição de responsabilidade pelo colapso de edifícios no caso de ocorrência de um tremor de terra.     

Simulation analysis of cold chain performance based on time–temperature data

Perishable goods are a fundamental source of revenue for the retail sector; their management, however, constitutes a severe challenge for retailers and supply chain partners. A significant cost in particular is the fraction of products perished through the supply chain, which also constitutes an ethical and environmental concern. Supply chain organisation and operative characteristics have a significant influence on this matter, as in fact ensuring suitable temperature conditions for the stock-keeping units throughout the supply chain is mandatory for perishable products. Recent developments in sensing and communication technologies allow detailed monitoring and control of cold chain; however, depending on the characteristics of the supply chain, an inherent risk of perished products is often inevitable, even in the hypothesis of perfect control. This article proposes a methodology to evaluate the performance of a cold chain in terms of expected product quality at the retail store, and to estimate the expected fraction of perished products, according to the supply chain configuration. The approach is based on Monte Carlo simulation, and implements referenced shelf-life models. A real application is also presented, involving a preliminary analysis and mapping of the supply chain activities based on time–temperature data, in order to demonstrate the practicability of the approach proposed.     

An extended Birnbaum–Saunders distribution: Theory,estimation, and applications

Abstract

Birnbaum and Saunders (1969a Birnbaum, Z.W., Saunders, S.C. (1969a). A new family of life distributions. J. Appl. Probab. 6:319–327.[Crossref], [Web of Science ®] , [Google Scholar]) pioneered a lifetime model which is commonly used in reliability studies. Based on this distribution, a new model called the gamma Birnbaum–Saunders distribution is proposed for describing fatigue life data. Several properties of the new distribution including explicit expressions for the ordinary and incomplete moments, generating and quantile functions, mean deviations, density function of the order statistics, and their moments are derived. We discuss the method of maximum likelihood and a Bayesian approach to estimate the model parameters. The superiority of the new model is illustrated by means of three failure real data sets. We also propose a new extended regression model based on the logarithm of the new distribution. The last model can be very useful to the analysis of real data and provide more realistic fits than other special regression models.     

人口老龄化与养老保障政策应对研究——基于多元社会政策建构视野

人口老龄化趋势是我国人口结构转变的一个突出现象。人口老龄化问题的突现,势必对养老保障压力提出了新的挑战,同时也会影响国家对养老政策的调整。本文基于＂人口年龄结构—国民经济因素—社会因素—养老政策＂综合分析模型,提出了养老保障政策分析的框架。本文以人口结构转变为切入点,描述了人口老龄化趋势,以及由此引发的国家系统养老保障以及公民社会养老保障挑战。为应对这些挑战,本文基于综合分析模型和现代国家治理结构特点,提出了相应的应对策略。本文认为,只有整体性福利制度构建,才能确保在国民经济发展、人口老龄化趋势与社会稳定之间取得动态平衡。     

甘肃省清真食品监管问题研究

本文通过作者的工作实践、实际调研和理论思考,分析甘肃省清真食品监管工作的现状和在具体监管工作中存在的问题,提出了今后监管工作的重点和应该注意的问题.     

彝语言文字信息处理技术的现况分析与发展前景

彝语言文字是彝文信息和知识的载体,彝语言文字的信息化或者说彝语言文字信息处理技术的发展水平是关乎彝族地区现代化、社会信息化的大事。通过对彝语言文字信息处理技术发展的基础语言资源层面、核心技术层面、应用系统层面、服务平台层面四个层面的分析反映了当前彝语言文字信息处理所达到的水平;提出了彝语言文字信息处理存在的问题;展望了彝语言文字信息处理的前景。     

城镇居民住房消费公平感知模型研究

在住房消费公平研究方面,传统研究过于强调社会层面的公平,较难深入反映微观个体的公平特征及基本要求。从住房消费的主体视角,首先建立起主体住房消费公平感知的四维度概念模型;然后基于长沙市516个有住房消费要求的样本开展探索性因素分析,生成具备投入公平感知、产出公平感知、环境公平感知和身份公平感知的四维度模型;然后进一步展开验证性分析,验证了四维度模型的有效性。针对所构建的模型,居民区域间流动水平对投入公平感知和产出公平感知有显著的调节作用。     

“I was <Emphasis Type="Italic">that</Emphasis> close”: Investigating Players’ Reactions to Losses,Wins, and Near-Misses on Scratch Cards

While scratch cards are a popular, accessible, and inexpensive form of gambling, very little is known about how they affect and influence the player. This study sought to understand the physiological and subjective experience of scratch card play, with special emphasis on the effect of near-miss outcomes (i.e. uncovering two out of three “grand prize” symbols needed to win said prize), which are remarkably prevalent in scratch card games. Thirty-eight undergraduate students from the University of Waterloo each played two custom scratch card games and experienced three types of outcomes (losses, wins and near-misses) while their skin conductance levels (SCLs) and post-reinforcement pauses were recorded. Each participant also rated each outcome in terms of its subjective level of arousal, valence, and frustration. Our results indicate that players interpreted near-misses as negatively valenced, highly arousing, frustrating losses, and were faster to move onto the next game following this type of outcome than following winning outcomes. Additionally, near-miss outcomes were associated with the largest amount of change in SCLs as the outcome was revealed. This work has implications for the problem gambling literature as it provides evidence of the frustration hypothesis of near-misses in scratch cards, and is the first study to examine the physiological and psychological experiences of scratch card players.