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181.
Rhetoric and Reality of Economic Self-sufficiency Among Rural,Low-Income Mothers: A Longitudinal Study 总被引:3,自引:3,他引:0
Leigh Ann Simmons Elizabeth M. Dolan Bonnie Braun 《Journal of Family and Economic Issues》2007,28(3):489-505
This study examined the contributions of maternal labor force participation and marital status on economic self-sufficiency
over time for rural mothers. Data were from 174 rural families participating in three waves of data collection in Rural Families Speak. χ
2 and multiple logistic regression were utilized. Results revealed only one-third of mothers moved toward economic self-sufficiency
over three years. Maternal education, employment status, and weekly work hours were associated with improved economic well-being.
Compared to single-parent families, unmarried-couple and married-couple families had increased odds of improving economically.
In an analysis of all mothers with partners, married or unmarried, martial status was not significant in economic improvement.
Findings suggest the role of marriage in welfare reform for rural families should be reconsidered.
相似文献
Bonnie BraunEmail: |
182.
While the relationships between health insurance and the labor supply of women have been explored in the literature, little
is known about the effects of offering public health insurance on the labor supply decisions of married women. This paper
examines how the enactment of the State Children’s Health Insurance Program (SCHIP) affected the labor supply decisions of
married women. Our empirical analysis showed that certain groups of married women reduced their number of hours worked upon
SCHIP implementation. The results imply it is possible that some wives decreased their labor supply in order to make their
children eligible for public health insurance.
相似文献
Ho Jin LeeEmail: |
183.
Sarah Beth Estes Mary C. Noonan David J. Maume 《Journal of Family and Economic Issues》2007,28(4):527-545
Researchers have proposed that work-family policy use may either reinforce or challenge the existing gendered division of
labor within couples, but results from prior studies have been inconclusive. Using data from a regional survey of work and
family life, we extend this research by focusing on how housework is divided within couples and by differentiating between
traditionally female- and male- typed housework tasks. Results show that among dual-earning women, policy use is not related to share of female- or male-typed
tasks. Among dual-earning men, policy use is positively related to share of female-typed tasks and negatively related to share
of male-typed tasks. These findings suggest that work-family policy use does not reinforce the gendered division of housework.
相似文献
Mary C. NoonanEmail: |
184.
Inmaculada García José Alberto Molina María Navarro 《Journal of Family and Economic Issues》2007,28(4):546-565
This paper first identifies the determinants of spouses’ satisfaction levels within the household with respect to their leisure
time and, secondly, characterizes whether their preferences have some degree of altruistic or egoistic character in regard
to this particular satisfaction. To that end, it formulates a theoretical framework from the collective family model whose
stochastic formulations are estimated for 14 EU countries. The general empirical results first reveal that the presence of
children has a significantly negative impact on the leisure satisfaction of both spouses. Then, increases in individual incomes
lead to lower own leisure satisfaction levels. Both husbands and wives show egoistic behavior with respect to the labor and
non-labor incomes (wage rate) of their respective spouses’ satisfaction levels.
相似文献
María NavarroEmail: |
185.
Assessing the effects of land use and land cover patterns on thermal conditions using landscape metrics in city of Indianapolis,United States 总被引:6,自引:0,他引:6
Direct applications of remote sensing thermal infrared (TIR) data in landscape ecological research are rare due to limitations
in the sensors, calibration, and difficulty in interpretation. Currently there is a general lack of methodology for examining
the relationship between land surface temperatures (LST) derived from TIR data and landscape patterns extracted from optical
sensors. A separation of landscapes into values directly related to their scale and signature is a key step. In this study,
a Landsat ETM+ image of Indianapolis, Unites States, acquired on June 22, 2000, was spectrally unmixed (using spectral mixture
analysis, SMA) into fraction endmembers of green vegetation, soil, high albedo, and low albedo. Impervious surface was then
computed from the high and low albedo images. A hybrid classification procedure was developed to classify the fraction images
into seven land use and land cover (LULC) classes. Using the fractional images, the landscape composition and pattern were
examined. Next, pixel-based LST measurements were correlated with the landscape fractional components to investigate LULC
based relationships between LST and impervious surface and green vegetation fractions. An examination of the relationship
between the LULC and LST maps with landscape metrics was finally conducted to deepen understanding of their interactions.
Results indicate that SMA-derived fraction images were effective for quantifying the urban morphology and for providing reliable
measurements of biophysical variables. LST was found to be positively correlated with impervious surface fraction but negatively
correlated with green vegetation fraction. Each temperature zone was associated with a dominant LULC category. Further research
should be directed to the theoretical and applied implications of describing such relationships between LULC patterns and
urban thermal conditions.
相似文献
Dengsheng LuEmail: |
186.
This paper reviews the main bodies of contemporary urban sustainability theory. From this analysis, two underpinning paradigms
of urban sustainability are identified: (1) The ‘Human Exemptionalism Paradigm’ (HEP), which emphasizes the ability of humans
to overcome environmental problems—see Urban Sociology, Urban Ecology, Urban Geography, Urban Psychology and Political Economy;
and (2) The ‘New Ecological Paradigm’ (NEP), which emphasizes the criticality of ecological limits to human progress—see Urban
Metabolism, Energy/Emergy Analysis and Ecological Footprinting. Each of these approaches is critically reviewed, highlighting
their main assumptions, theoretical and practical foci. It is argued in the paper that if the related issues of urban sustainability
and development are to be progressed, there needs to be: (1) a greater maturation of the NEP approaches, which are ‘relative
newcomers’ to the area of urban theory; and (2) greater integration and dialogue between the HEP and NEP approaches to urban
sustainability than has hitherto been the case.
相似文献
Murray G. PattersonEmail: |
187.
Rupert Hasenzagl 《Gruppendynamik und Organisationsberatung》2007,38(4):351-370
The theoretical basis behind consultancy does not match its importance to the economy. Although theory building research has been advanced since the 1990s, it still remains fragmentary. The impact of these consulting theories on practice has therefore been limited. This paper provides a contribution to this recent field of research. Based on the Social Systems Theory by Luhmann, a model outlining the impact of consultancy is presented. Three empirical cases outline the usefulness of the presented model in practice. 相似文献
188.
Yonatan Reshef 《Journal of Labor Research》2007,28(4):677-696
In the public sector, Canadian governments intervene frequently in labor disputes by suspending collective bargaining and
curtailing legal strikes. Previous research has focused on the contours of government intervention, such as its overall effects
on collective bargaining and strikes. The discussion highlights one actor, a government, restricting the behavior of another
actor, a union, using legislation and policy making. As a result, we know less about more micro-level elements and implications
of the process of government intervention. I address these themes using a detailed case study of the Alberta Teachers’ Association
and the strikes it coordinated in 2002.
相似文献
Yonatan ReshefEmail: |
189.
The Experience-Earnings Profile: Productivity-Augmenting or Purely Contractual? Evidence from the UK
William J. Moore Robert J. Newman Geoffrey K. Turnbull 《Journal of Labor Research》2007,28(3):417-435
We test the human capital interpretation of the experience-earnings profile. Does the upward sloping portion of the experience-earnings
profile reflect on-the-job training which in turn causes the experience-productivity profile to slope upwards, or do purely
contractual factors determine the nature of life-cycle earnings. Herein, we provide additional evidence on the relationship
between productivity and earnings by examining earnings differentials in the UK academic labor market for economists. Using
a test first suggested by Mincer, we find that the empirical results are consistent with human capital theory. We find that,
although the positive relationship between earnings and experience persists when individual productivity measures are included
in the salary equations for lecturers and senior lecturers, the positive relationship becomes statistically insignificant
when the same productivity measures are included in the salary equations for professors. For lecturers and senior lecturers,
the experience-salary profile properly reflects the structure of the national pay scale rather than variations in individual
research productivity. At the professor level, where individual salaries are not determined by a pay scale, the data support
the human capital explanation of the positive experience-earnings profile.
相似文献
Robert J. NewmanEmail: |
190.
Hillary Anger Elfenbein Maw Der Foo Judith White Hwee Hoon Tan Voon Chuan Aik 《Journal of Nonverbal Behavior》2007,31(4):205-223
Using meta-analysis, we find a consistent positive correlation between emotion recognition accuracy (ERA) and goal-oriented
performance. However, this existing research relies primarily on subjective perceptions of performance. The current study
tested the impact of ERA on objective performance in a mixed-motive buyer-seller negotiation exercise. Greater recognition
of posed facial expressions predicted better objective outcomes for participants from Singapore playing the role of seller,
both in terms of creating value and claiming a greater share for themselves. The present study is distinct from past research
on the effects of individual differences on negotiation outcomes in that it uses a performance-based test rather than self-reported
measure. These results add to evidence for the predictive validity of emotion recognition measures on practical outcomes.
相似文献
Hillary Anger ElfenbeinEmail: |