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121.
Carlos A. Bana e Costa Mónica D. Oliveira 《Omega》2012,40(4):424-436
In the context of increasing demands for social and financial accountability of universities, the required implementation of transparent faculty evaluation systems constitutes a challenge and an opportunity for universities strategically aligning the activity of academic staff with the university goals. However, despite growing interest in the performance appraisal of faculty, only a few reported studies propose models that cover the full range of academic activities and the models in use are typically based on ad hoc scoring systems that lack theoretical soundness. This article approaches faculty evaluation from an innovative comprehensive perspective. Based on the concepts and methods of multiple criteria value measurement, it proposes a new faculty evaluation model that addresses the whole range of academic activities and can be applied within and across distinct scientific areas, while respecting their specificities. Constructed through a socio-technical process, the model was designed for and adopted by the Instituto Superior Técnico, the engineering school of the Technical University of Lisbon. The model has a two-level hierarchical additive structure, with top-level evaluation areas specified by second-level evaluation criteria. A bottom non-additive third level accounts for the quantitative and qualitative dimensions of academic activity related to each evaluation criterion. The model allows (a) the comparison of the performance of academic staff with performance targets reflecting the strategic policy concerns of university management; (b) the definition of the multicriteria value profile of each faculty member at the top level of the evaluation areas; (c) the computation of an overall value score for each faculty member, through an optimisation procedure that makes use of a flexible system of weights and (d) the assignment of faculty members to rating categories. 相似文献
122.
Arriaga EE 《Demography》1967,4(1):98-107
This study begins with a brief analysis of past and present urban-rural mortality in those countries which are presently considered to be developed. The same analysis centers in developing countries, for it is thought that their rural mortality should be greater than their urban mortality. Since available statistics generally show the contrary, a way is presented for constructing possible means of sub-registering vital statistics in some areas of these countries. The index would vary to agree with the system of the registry of vital statistics in a given area. Mexico is used as an example-the result of constructing and analyzing the index is to show in which areas there should be a subregistry of deaths. Finally, the cases of India and Taiwan are analyzed in order to confirm the hypothesis that in developing countries there will be a higher mortality rate in. rural than in urban areas. 相似文献
123.
This article increases our knowledge of Mozambique's demography by assessing the nature and magnitude of fertility decline,
using the 1980 and 1997 censuses and the 1997 Demographic and Health Survey. Several robust methods, including P/F ratios
from census and birth history data, the own-children procedure (census data), and estimates of censored parity progression
ratios (adjusted for truncation bias) are used to identify fertility trends. Regional differences in fertility trends are
discussed in the light of the proximate determinants of fertility. Fertility decline has started in Mozambique but the magnitude
of the decline differs among the three administrative regions in the country. In Southern Region the fertility decline is
well established, while in Northern and Central regions the decline is still incipient. 相似文献
124.
Carlos J. Luz 《Journal of Combinatorial Optimization》2011,22(4):882-894
This paper considers the NP-hard graph problem of determining a maximum cardinality subset of vertices inducing a k-regular subgraph. For any graph G, this maximum will be denoted by α
k
(G). From a well known Motzkin-Straus result, a relationship is deduced between α
k
(G) and the independence number α(G). Next, it is proved that the upper bounds υ
k
(G) introduced in Cardoso et al. (J. Comb. Optim., 14, 455–463, 2007) can easily be computed from υ
0(G), for any positive integer k. This relationship also allows one to present an alternative proof of the Hoffman bound extension introduced in the above
paper. The paper continues with the introduction of a new upper bound on α
k
(G) improving υ
k
(G). Due to the difficulty of computing this improved bound, two methods are provided for approximating it. Finally, some computational
experiments which were performed to compare all bounds studied are reported. 相似文献
125.
Sarah W. Yip Marney A. White Carlos M. Grilo Marc N. Potenza 《Journal of gambling studies / co-sponsored by the National Council on Problem Gambling and Institute for the Study of Gambling and Commercial Gaming》2011,27(2):257-270
Both binge eating disorder (BED) and pathological gambling (PG) are characterized by impairments in impulse control. Subsyndromal
levels of PG have been associated with measures of adverse health. The nature and significance of PG features in individuals
with BED is unknown. Ninety-four patients with BED (28 men and 66 women) were classified by gambling group based on inclusionary
criteria for Diagnostic and Statistical Manual-IV (DSM-IV) PG and compared on a range of behavioral, psychological and eating
disorder (ED) psychopathology variables. One individual (1.1% of the sample) met criteria for PG, although 18.7% of patients
with BED displayed one or more DSM-IV criteria for PG, hereafter referred to as problem gambling features. Men were more likely
than women to have problem gambling features. BED patients with problem gambling features were distinguished by lower self-esteem
and greater substance problem use. After controlling for gender, findings of reduced self-esteem and increased substance problem
use among patients with problem gambling features remained significant. In patients with BED, problem gambling features are
associated with a number of heightened clinical problems. 相似文献
126.
Marina Bouzon Rodrigo Spricigo Carlos M.T. Rodriguez Abelardo A. de Queiroz Paulo A. Cauchick Miguel 《生产规划与管理》2013,24(16):1368-1385
Academic and corporate interest in reverse logistics (RL) has risen considerably in recent years. In this context, the objective of this study was to identify the drivers that enable RL practice in an emerging economy. Firstly, international peer-reviewed publications on RL were used to develop a RL environment framework representing the main RL internal and external influences. Secondly, a case-based research was conducted in a large manufacturing company located in Southern Brazil. The results indicated that the most cited driver in the RL literature, the government and legislation, was not a main influence on the studied company. Environmental legislation is still limited in the country and struggles to provide incentives to increase materials recycling. An economic factor related to materials value recovery was also found to drive the backward flow. Finally, knowledge of the RL driving forces may support industries to better implement and manage reverse flows and to bridge the gap between existing and future solutions for reverse supply chains. 相似文献
127.
Using the critical incident (CI) technique, concrete examples of effective and ineffective managerial behaviour (CIs) were collected from managers and non-managerial employees within private and public sector organizations situated in the north and southeast regions of Mexico. The CIs were content analysed using open, axial and selective coding to identify a smaller number of thematic categories. A total of 38 ‘manager’ and 35 ‘non-managerial employee’ behavioural categories were identified respectively, of which 82.19% (n = 60) were found to be either convergent or polar opposite in meaning. The findings suggest that what behaviourally differentiates effective managers from ineffective managers is perceived, described and defined by Mexican managers and non-managerial employees in much the same way. The study provides new insights on the issue of perceived managerial and leadership effectiveness in Mexico and is a rare example of indigenous managerial behaviour research in a non-Anglo country. 相似文献
128.
In this paper we explore the racial and ethnic self-identification of Dominican immigrants in the United States. This issue is central in understanding how immigrants experience the process of incorporation into American society. We argue that as Dominican immigrants incorporate to American life, they adopt a Hispanic or Latino identity. This identity serves both as a form of racial identification within the American racial stratification system and as a form of assertive panethnic identity. This identity, however, does not supersede national identification, which remains the anchoring identity. 相似文献
129.
130.
近一个世纪来,管理理论和组织学研究促进了一系列根本性改变的表述,使得管理者们在其职业生涯中必须大量地学习、学习、再学习。人们会认为,在大学商学院里,应该是组织学研究者们而不是其他领域的专家,引导着适应变化环境的新范式的发展。然而,本文将指出组织学范式的研究与经营实践迄今为止基本上是相互分离的。本文还将详细说明,尽管存在着这种分离,经营范式文献对组织学研究和引导它的理论范式还是产生了相当大的影响,特别是在这个“实用知识”越来越受重视的年代。 相似文献