Small-Area Estimation of Economic Statistics

A ratio-correlation (multiple regression) approach for estimating key economic statistics for small areas is proposed and compared with several synthetic estimation methods using various measures of performance. Using published data that are easily accessible, the methods provide a means of estimating statistics not currently published with a reasonable amount of error.     

The female manager—The pressures and the problems

There are an increasing number of women entering full-time careers in occupations that were once male dominated, for example, management. Recent surveys have suggested that more women are pursuing management careers in Western Europe and the United States. The pressures on these women are enormous in view of industry's inflexibility. Corporate policies must change if women are to survive in organizations. A variety of these policies are discussed in this paper, e.g. flexible work weeks, maternal and paternal leave, change and relocation policies, career planning, etc.     

Workers' compensation in stress-related claims: Some thoughts for employers in the UK

This article looks at the extent to which the Workmen's Compensation Laws in the USA and Canada accommodate stress-related claims. It questions the extent to which a similar pattern may follow in the UK and the potential implications for employers.     

Alternative specifications of the demand for money and their implications for forecasting and policy analysis with large macroeconomic models

The demand for money is an important function in large macroeconomic models because of its central role in monetary policy. The interest rate responsiveness of money demand determines the interest rate changes consistent with the initial change in monetary policy and the subsequent changes on aggregate demand and the price level. This paper uses the DRI macroeconometric model to investigate these issues, finding that the model's predictive power and its estimates of the relative potency of monetary and fiscal policy are dependent upon the specification of the money demand function.     

Enforcing the Gambling Laws

A great deal of controversy surrounds the writing and enforcement of antigambling laws. In large part, this is due to a lack of consensus among citizens, police departments, and prosecutors in defining the objectives of antigambling laws and the methods of enforcing them. It is suggested that since standards of appropriate behavior vary from place to place, the wishes of the local citizens should be the primary guide in determining enforcement effort priorities. The authors differentiate the four main targets of enforcement efforts and conclude that only two—public social gambling and commercial gambling—can be substantially affected by local police. Finally, specific suggestions about how police and prosecutors can cooperate in enforcing local antigambling laws are made.     

Evolutionary Theory: The Missing Link for Conceptualizing Public Relations

This article introduces the concept of using Charles Darwin's (1859/1979 Darwin , C. ( 1979 / 1859 ). The origin of species. New York : Gramercy Books . [Google Scholar]) evolutionary theory as the metatheory for conceptualizing public relations thought. It examines the state of public relations theory development and explores theories that have been proposed as metatheories for the field, including systems theory, complexity theory, and symmetrical/Excellence theory. It also explores the tenets of evolutionary theory that have relevance for public relations theory, including social intelligence, Machiavellian intelligence, cheater detection, cooperation, reciprocity, and reciprocal altruism. It then makes the case for the role that evolutionary theory could play as a metatheory in the further development of public relations theory.     

The occupational stress indicator locus of control scale: Should this be regarded as a state rather than trait measure?

Robertson et al (1990) concluded that the Occupational Stress Indicator's (OSI) locus of control scale did not have an acceptable level of validity. The present study compared two groups of health service employees, categorized on the basis of their obtained OSI locus of control scale scores as having 'high' versus 'low' control, on a number of other OSI scales. Subjects who regard themselves as having 'high' control reported significantly less work pressure, employed certain coping strategies more frequently, reported lower ill health scores and were more job satisfied. The findings are theoretically consistent with the argument that the OSI locus of control scale is a subjective measure of an individual's appraisal of their control at work (i.e. a state measure) rather than a trait construct as measured by Rotter's scale (as used in the OSI validity study by Robertson et al).     

Corporate financial performance and occupational stress

Although a great deal of research has been carried out in the occupational stress field, little work has focused on the link between corporate financial performance and corporate culture on individual stress. The sample comprised senior marketing managers working in 14 electronics companies selected on the basis of their recent profit/loss performance. It was found that corporate financial performance and culture variables were more strongly associated with many of the felt stresses than were the individual and role-related predictors.