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101.
Cathy?W.?S.?ChenEmail author Jennifer?S.?K.?Chan Richard?Gerlach William?Y.?L.?Hsieh 《Statistics and Computing》2011,21(3):395-414
We consider two problems concerning locating change points in a linear regression model. One involves jump discontinuities
(change-point) in a regression model and the other involves regression lines connected at unknown points. We compare four
methods for estimating single or multiple change points in a regression model, when both the error variance and regression
coefficients change simultaneously at the unknown point(s): Bayesian, Julious, grid search, and the segmented methods. The
proposed methods are evaluated via a simulation study and compared via some standard measures of estimation bias and precision.
Finally, the methods are illustrated and compared using three real data sets. The simulation and empirical results overall
favor both the segmented and Bayesian methods of estimation, which simultaneously estimate the change point and the other
model parameters, though only the Bayesian method is able to handle both continuous and dis-continuous change point problems
successfully. If it is known that regression lines are continuous then the segmented method ranked first among methods. 相似文献
102.
Shen-Ming Lee Cathy W.S. Chen Richard H. Gerlach Li-Hui Huang 《Australian & New Zealand Journal of Statistics》2006,48(2):157-169
The Ricker's two‐release method is a simplified version of the Jolly‐Seber method, from Seber's Estimation of Animal Abundance (1982) , used to estimate survival rate and abundance in animal populations. This method assumes there is only a single recapture sample and no immigration, emigration or recruitment. In this paper, we propose a Bayesian analysis for this method to estimate the survival rate and the capture probability, employing Markov chain Monte Carlo methods and a latent variable analysis. The performance of the proposed method is illustrated with a simulation study as well as a real data set. The results show that the proposed method provides favourable inference for the survival rate when compared with the modified maximum likelihood method. 相似文献
103.
‘It is like being put through a blender’: inclusive research in practice in an Australian university
Cathy Vaughan Sarah Khaw Georgia Katsikis Jacinta Wheeler Jasmine Ozge Vasiliky Kasidis 《Disability & Society》2019,34(7-8):1224-1240
AbstractHow can university-based researchers committed to a position of solidarity with, and activism alongside, people with disabilities maintain such a stance in the metric-driven environment of the modern university? How can the academy ensure there is the opportunity for people with disabilities to contribute to production of the knowledge in which they have most at stake, in a wider environment where access to basic services for people with disabilities is precarious? In this article we draw on our experience as a team of university-based and community-based researchers with and without disabilities to reflect on these questions, using a framework of reflexive solidarity to consider practical strategies for strengthening the relationship between disability activism and the academy. 相似文献
104.
Using prospective data from a cohort design study involving documented cases of child abuse and neglect and a matched control group, we examine two potential pathways between childhood victimization and violent criminal behavior: early aggressive behavior and problematic drinking. Structural equation models, including controls for race/ethnicity, socioeconomic status, parental alcoholism, and parental criminality, revealed different pathways for men and women. For men, child maltreatment has direct and indirect (through aggressive behavior and problematic alcohol use) paths to violence. For women, problematic alcohol use mediates the relationship between childhood victimization and violence, and, independent of child maltreatment, early aggression leads to alcohol problems, which lead to violence. Interventions for victims of childhood maltreatment need to recognize the role of early aggressive behavior and alcohol problems as risk factors for subsequent violence. 相似文献
105.
106.
ABSTRACTFrom February 2010 through December 2014, 585 substance-using men who have sex with men (MSM) were enrolled into a “homegrown” risk reduction intervention. Participants evidenced significant iterative factor reductions in the odds of substance use including alcohol (AOR = 0.79) and marijuana (AOR = 0.78; both p ≤ 0.05) and marginally significant reductions in the odds of methamphetamine use (AOR = 0.83; p ≤ 0.07). Participants also evidenced significant reductions in sexual risks including the odds of reporting drug/alcohol use before or during sex (AOR = 0.80) and of condomless anal intercourse (AOR = 0.72; all significant at p ≤ 0.05). Results demonstrate that the homegrown intervention was effective at reducing HIV risk behaviors among high-risk MSM. 相似文献
107.
This paper discusses the existing guidance in Australian legislative and regulatory frameworks to inform the process of young people moving through varying stages of maturity towards independent decision-making. In the context of exploratory research to develop a stable online repository of personal documents for young people in out-of-home care, the researchers envisioned in-built, age-appropriate levels of decision-making authority, associated with what was stored, who had access, and who owned these records. They sought guidance to protect young people themselves and to support workers and other mentors. Little unqualified guidance emerged from the documentary search. Supporting any young people in the journey towards independent decision-making relies on individual judgements about the type of decision and risks involved, and the age, maturity, and experience of the young person. Above all, a supportive trusting relationship with an adult allows young people to learn through their own mistakes.
IMPLICATIONS
Young people's competence in decision-making depends on a range of individual, familial, and social factors, and individualised guidance is necessary to support their participation.
A supportive, trusting relationship with an adult provides the best environment for balancing vulnerable young peoples’ participation rights with their continuing needs for protection.
The policy and practice challenge is to harness digital technologies without being distracted from the importance of relationship-based work.
108.
Tehzeeb Zulfiqar Fiona E. Lithander Cathy Banwell Rosemary Young Lynelle Boisseau Martha Ingle Christopher J. Nolan 《Women and birth : journal of the Australian College of Midwives》2017,30(4):319-324
Background
Overseas-born-women from certain ethnicities are at high risk of type-2 diabetes and related metabolic disorders. This study explored the barriers and facilitators to long-term healthy lifestyle recommendations among Australian-born and overseas-born-women who attended health promotion sessions at a tertiary Australian Hospital for gestational diabetes 3–4 years previously.Method
Face-to-face semi-structured interviews were conducted. Data were analyzed to identify major themes and the differing experiences of both groups of women.Findings
Women in both groups faced many barriers to improve post-gestational-diabetes lifestyle. Women from both groups recalled healthy lifestyle recommendations for during pregnancy they received at the service, but had difficulty recalling the long-term lifestyle recommendations. Timing of the health information, non-reiteration of lifestyle recommendations, uncoordinated and fragmented health system support after childbirth were barriers faced by all women. Additional barriers for overseas-born women included the cultural competence of the health education material, their cultural preferences for food and physical activities and unsupportive family and partner. Both groups had excellent compliance with the first annual postnatal oral-glucose-tolerance-test. This was attributed to the personal motivation and health professional reminder. Women only reverted to the healthy lifestyles postnatally for weight loss.Conclusion
A better understanding of the barriers to healthy lifestyle by women in their everyday lives will assist in the development of culturally appropriate health promotion guidelines and strategies. Constant un-fragmented postnatal engagement by the specialised diabetes clinics and primary health care services is crucial to sustain the healthy lifestyle in the long-term for women with previous gestational-diabetes. 相似文献109.
Sue M. Cotton Simon Rice Kristen Moeller‐Saxone Anne Magnus Carol Harvey Cathy Mihalopoulos Cathy Humphreys Lenice Murray Steve Halperin Patrick D. McGorry Helen Herrman 《Child & Family Social Work》2020,25(2):325-336
The aim of the study was to examine sex differences in self‐reported psychological distress, behavioural and emotional problems, and substance use in young people living in out‐of‐home care (OoHC). One hundred seventy‐six young people aged 12–17 years (females 53.4%) in OoHC in metropolitan Melbourne, Australia, were interviewed. Participants completed self‐report measures: Kessler Psychological Distress Scale, Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire, and the World Health Organization Alcohol, Smoking, and Substance Involvement Screening Test—Youth Version. Girls had more OoHC placement instability over the past year compared with boys (p = .019). Compared with boys, the girls had significantly higher levels of distress (p < .001) (p = .007), were more likely to have self‐reported emotional symptoms (p < .001) and peer relationship problems (p = .043) and were more likely to use sedatives (p = .004). Girls had more psychological distress, behavioural disturbance, and sedative abuse; placement instability might contribute to these problems. Greater integration across OoHC, mental health, and substance use sectors is required. Girls in OoHC may benefit from interventions targeting problems with peer relationship and substance use and supporting prosocial behaviour; such targets may reduce distress and emotional symptoms and possibly prevent longer term problems. 相似文献
110.
Cathy Rozel Farnworth 《Social indicators research》2009,90(1):89-106
Malagasy ‘players’—farmers, middle men, organic organisations and policy makers—see in export-orientated organic agriculture
a way for Madagascar to build upon its historic export strengths: spices, essential oils, medicinal plants and tropical fruits.
They point to the de facto organic status of most farming in the country and view organic production strategies as a means for Malagasy farmers to differentiate
their produce in the highly competitive world market (Ramboatiana and Randriamanantena 2000; Randriamanantena 1998; Vallée
2000). However, producing for the export market poses significant challenges for Malagasy farmers. Despite its apparent ‘fit’
with existing farming practice, ‘true’ certified organic practice does not necessarily offer a means towards achieving a Malagasy
farmer-defined ‘good life’. Smallholders can be disempowered through their incorporation into wider systemic relationships
whose more powerful actors—such as buyers and consumers—and their ‘rules’ about what ‘organic’ is, for example, are necessarily
unfamiliar. Yet farmers are very interested in the significant opportunities for much-needed cash that organic farming offers.
This paper argues that strengthening farmer agency, and thus their presence as actors in international food chains, can be
partially achieved if farmers are involved in devising the rules for organic and social certification. I set out eight principles
that I have developed which seem important when trying to capture and measure ‘quality of life’ for the purposes of social
certification. My theoretical and empirical work, detailed here, is set within a methodological discussion on how to best
ensure that research is ‘respondent-led’. Respondent-led research is, I argue, critical for ensuring that an understanding
of the components of ‘quality of life’, and their operationalisation as standards and indicators, is truly meaningful to the
target group.
相似文献
Cathy Rozel FarnworthEmail: |