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951.
The authors examined the effects of marital status and family structure on disability, institutionalization, and longevity for a nationally representative sample of elderly persons using Gompertz duration models applied to longitudinal data from 3 cohorts of the Health and Retirement Study (N = 11,481). They found that parents with only stepchildren have worse outcomes than parents with only biological children. Elderly mothers with only stepchildren become disabled and institutionalized sooner, and elderly men with only stepchildren have shorter longevity relative to their counterparts with only biological children. The effect of membership in a blended family differs by gender. Relative to those with only biological children, women in blended families have greater longevity and become disabled later, whereas men in blended families have reduced longevity. The findings indicate that changing marital patterns and increased complexity in family life have adverse effects on late‐life health outcomes. 相似文献
952.
Laura L. Otto-Salaj Nicole Traxel Michael J. Brondino Barbara Reed Cheryl Gore-Felton Jeffrey A. Kelly 《Journal of sex research》2013,50(6):539-551
This study describes responses of 172 single heterosexual African American men, ages 18 to 35, to condom negotiation attempts. Strategies used included reward, coercive, legitimate, expert, referent, and informational strategies, based on Raven's (1992) influence model. The purpose was (a) to identify strategies influencing participant acquiescence to request and (b) to identify predictors of participant compliance/refusal to comply with negotiation attempts. Participants viewed six videotape segments showing an actress, portrayed in silhouette, speaking to the viewer as a “steady partner.” After each segment, participants completed measures of request compliance, positive and negative affect, and attributions concerning the model and themselves. No significant differences were found in men's ratings across all vignettes. However, differences in response existed across subgroups of individuals, suggesting that, although the strategy used had little impact on participant response, the act of suggesting condom use produced responses that differed across participant subgroups. Subgroups differed on levels of AIDS risk knowledge, sexually transmitted disease history, and experience with sexual coercion. Also, the “least willing to use” subgroup was highest in anger–rejection and least likely to make attributions of caring for partner. Effective negotiation of condom use with a male sexual partner may not be determined as much by specific strategy used as by partner characteristics. 相似文献
953.
954.
Barbara A. Sommer 《Slavery & abolition》2013,34(1):77-97
In 1780, in Belém, Brazil, Joanna Baptista sold herself into slavery. This article probes Joanna's motives and situates her actions not only in the milieu of slaveholding Brazil, but also in the more specific context of Portuguese Amazonia during the Directorate (1758–1798). Indians, especially former slaves and their descendants, faced forced resettlement and increased labor demands. Joanna's case and contemporary petitions demonstrate how women of Indian and mixed descent, especially single women, widows and orphans, used legal means to defend their autonomy. 相似文献
955.
ABSTRACT Starting with the initiation of democratic and market economic transitions, unsupportive policies concerning women's reproductive health were implemented in Kyrgyzstan and Poland in the period 1990–2006. These policies were expressed by (1) political decisions limiting available funding to support medical practices protecting women's reproductive health, (2) diminishing or restricted dissemination of knowledge about family planning, and (3) the implementation of new contraception and abortion policies. Could these changes be perceived as combat between democratic liberalism, cosmopolitanism, and tolerance versus traditionalism, insularism, and fundamentalism? We use analyses of policies concerning women's reproductive and maternal health to manifest rivalry between economic crisis and the push toward modernity and between traditionalism and liberalism. We demonstrate that the return to traditional gender roles and gender policies, and their practical application expressed in maternal health policies, illustrates cultural backlash toward diffusing Western liberalism in countries in political and economic transition. 相似文献
956.
Neighborhood violence has profound effects on issues associated with social work practice, such as health, safety, and the positive development of children, youth, and families. This article brings together the literatures in criminology and public health that examine violence and social work's history in community practice to develop violence prevention strategies. One important concept from the criminology and public health literatures is collective efficacy, defined as neighbors having shared values, trust, and a willingness to intervene in neighborhood problems. By building on the community practice literature and studies from peacemaking criminology, the article provides examples of ways that collective efficacy can be built and implemented in low income neighborhoods. Strategies include awareness of collective efficacy, relationship building, bystander education, and restorative justice. 相似文献
957.
Mary Russell Annemarie Gockel Barbara Harris 《Child and Adolescent Social Work Journal》2007,24(2):101-120
Multi-level intervention, based on an ecological perspective, has been promoted at the preferred model of providing parenting
support to high-risk families. However, parent views regarding such interventions have not been determined. Focus groups consisting
of 24 parents who had recently completed an intensive parenting program yielded results supporting multi-level interventions
but highlighting processes rather than content within such programs as well as the reciprocal effect of particular level interventions.
Processes identified at intervention levels included Affirming Parent Self-Worth, Non-Directive Instruction, Promoting Social Connections, and Empowering Communication. Increased understanding of and attending to processes in intensive intervention with high-risk families is indicated. 相似文献
958.
J. Christopher Cohrs Sven Kielmann Jürgen Maes Barbara Moschner 《Analyses of Social Issues and Public Policy》2005,5(1):263-276
In an Internet survey (N = 275), we investigated how right-wing authoritarianism (RWA), social dominance orientation (SDO), personal values, and political ideology predicted attitudes toward restriction of civil liberties and toward surveillance measured one year later. Feelings of threat from terrorism were also taken into account. RWA, SDO, political ideology, security values, and self-direction values were significant predictors. In addition, RWA interacted with threat from terrorism, in that threat reinforced the positive effect of RWA on support for surveillance measures. Thus, the study contributes to the understanding of psychological reasons for support for political measures related to civil liberties. 相似文献
959.
Rose Latino M.S.W. Barbara Friedman M.S.W. Victoria Bellucci M.S.W. 《Clinical Social Work Journal》2006,34(4):447-466
In the aftermath of the September 11th attack on the World Trade Center, a myriad of complicated issues faced us all. Among
these issues were how to provide support and ease anxiety during a time when taking in what had occurred was painful for us
all, and everyone felt uncertain about the future. In this article, we describe how some New York City children and adolescents
in close proximity to the devastation experienced the day and managed in the aftermath. We offer two case examples as characteristic
reactions and describe the fine balance of getting to the material while respecting the defenses of our young clients. These
school-based sessions offer insight into the unique parameters of school-based work, and the flexibilities and limitations
available in this setting. We describe treatment grounded in psychodynamic theory and in the adolescent case, the implementation
of some cognitive techniques. Both cases illustrate that the effects of prior trauma play significant element in the experience
of present day trauma. 相似文献
960.
Barbara Misztal 《Social Policy & Administration》1993,27(2):124-140
The purpose of this article is to analyse the effect of the federal structure on public health policy in a crisis situation. Federalism has been one of the most important features of the Australian political system shaping AIDS policy because it has created problems with the coordination of policies and has limited the Commonwealth's capacity to introduce a coherent national monitoring, education, protection, testing and legal framework. My main point is that in the situation of crisis, there is a tendency to rely on the political will of the centre. The political will of the federal health department, subsumed by conflicts and difficulties, has not lasted long enough to construct a new, more uniform structure (a uniform surveillance, legal and health acts framework). It can be concluded that while political intervention and political will cannot be overestimated as means of overcoming organizational rigidities in an emergency situation, the need for a framework conducive to rapid and coordinated responses is obvious. The lesson from the AIDS epidemic points to the need for more uniform public health legislation, for more uniform system of recording data on HIV and for more uniform civil liberties legislation. 相似文献