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91.
It is usually considered that the proportion of handicapped people grows with age. Namely, the older the man/woman, the more the level of disability he/she suffers. However, empirical evidence shows that this assessment is not always true, or at least, it is not true in the Spanish population. The study tries to assess the impact of age on disability in Spain. Each gender has been treated separately because it can be shown that men and women have their own pattern of behaviour. Three different methods of estimation have been used to check the link between those variables. The results seem to support the idea that the relationship among age and the intensity of disability is not always direct. One of the concluding remarks in this analysis is that the method of estimation has a great incidence in the final results, especially in central ages between 20 and 80 years old. 相似文献
92.
In this article, we consider Bayesian inference procedures to test for a unit root in Stochastic Volatility (SV) models. Unit-root tests for the persistence parameter of the SV models, based on the Bayes Factor (BF), have been recently introduced in the literature. In contrast, we propose a flexible class of priors that is non-informative over the entire support of the persistence parameter (including the non-stationarity region). In addition, we show that our model fitting procedure is computationally efficient (using the software WinBUGS). Finally, we show that our proposed test procedures have good frequentist properties in terms of achieving high statistical power, while maintaining low total error rates. We illustrate the above features of our method by extensive simulation studies, followed by an application to a real data set on exchange rates. 相似文献
93.
The smooth goodness of fit tests are generalized to singly censored data and applied to the problem of testing Weibull (or extreme value) fit. Smooth tests, Pearson-type tests, and the spacings tests proposed by Mann, Schemer, and Fertig (1973) are compared on the basis of local asymptotic relative efficiency with respect to the asymptotic best test against generalized gamma alternatives, The smooth test of order one Is found to be most efficient for the generalized gamma alternatives. 相似文献
94.
Family survival data can be used to estimate the degree of genetic and environmental contributions to the age at onset of
a disease or of a specific event in life. The data can be modeled with a correlated frailty model in which the frailty variable
accounts for the degree of kinship within the family. The heritability (degree of heredity) of the age at a specific event
in life (or the onset of a disease) is usually defined as the proportion of variance of the survival age that is associated
with genetic effects. If the survival age is (interval) censored, heritability as usually defined cannot be estimated. Instead,
it is defined as the proportion of variance of the frailty associated with genetic effects. In this paper we describe a correlated
frailty model to estimate the heritability and the degree of environmental effects on the age at which individuals contact
a social worker for the first time and to test whether there is a difference between the survival functions of this age for
twins and non-twins. 相似文献
95.
The article deals with methods for computing the stationary marginal distribution in linear models of time series. Two approaches are described. First, an algorithm based on approximation of solution of the corresponding integral equation is briefly reviewed. Then, we study the limit behaviour of the partial sums c 1 η1+c 2 η2+···+c n η n where η i are i.i.d. random variables and c i real constants. We generalize procedure of Haiman (1998) [Haiman, G., 1998, Upper and lower bounds for the tail of the invariant distribution of some AR(1) processes. Asymptotic Methods in Probability and Statistics, 45, 723–730.] to an arbitrary causal linear process and relax the assumptions of his result significantly. This is achieved by investigating the properties of convolution of densities. 相似文献
96.
I. Väduva 《Statistics》2013,47(4):545-576
The paper presents various algorithms for generating gamma random variables, by combining rejection and composition procedures. Two efficient algorithms are given for the case when the parameter of the gamma distribution is 0<v<l. For the case vl, several algorithms are given but they (except one), work reliably only for small values of v. Results of some computer tests together with FORTRAN subroutines are also presented. 相似文献
97.
Jordan I. Rosberg 《Journal of Social Work Education》2013,49(1):78-84
This paper proposes a social problems emphasis to gerontology in social work education which acknowledges the fact that the elderly are handicapped and discriminated against by social values, attitudes, and practices. The traditional integrative approach has been ineffective in educating and sensitizing students to problems and needs of the aged. The social problems emphasis is discussed as related to future manpower needs, enlightened social workers as citizens, and advocacy for the elderly. A proposal for schools is presented, with implications for practice, fieldwork settings, research, and classroom instruction. 相似文献
98.
Many studies have documented the benefits of religious involvement. Indeed, highly religious people tend to be healthier,
live longer, and have higher levels of subjective well-being. While religious involvement offers clear benefits to many, in
this paper we explore whether it may also be detrimental to some. Specifically, we examine in detail the relation between
religious involvement and subjective well-being. We first replicate prior findings showing a positive relation between religiosity
and subjective well-being. However, our results also suggest that this relation may be more complex than previously thought.
While fervent believers benefit from their involvement, those with weaker beliefs are actually less happy than those who do
not ascribe to any religion—atheists and agnostics. These results may help explain why—in spite of the well-documented benefits
of religion—an increasing number of people are abandoning their faith. As commitment wanes, religious involvement may become
detrimental to well-being, and individuals may be better off seeking new affiliations. 相似文献
99.
In this paper the fertility patterns and differentials among various immigrant groups in Australia are examined. Official vital statistics for the period 1971–76 are used. Fertility ratios standardized by age and marital status suggest that the overall fertility of foreign-born women was higher in both 1971 and 1976; however, some evidence -of convergence towards an ‘Australian’ norm was found. Four distinct patterns of fertility were noted. In two of them, Arab and South European, marital fertility was substantially higher but non-marital fertility quite low. The North-West European pattern was closest to that of the native-born; however, in the East European pattern fertility was lowest. Component analysis showed that most of the differences between the total fertility rate of Australians and those of the other groups reflect the significantly higher marital fertility rates and proportions married among the foreign-born groups. 相似文献
100.
We examined factors underlying people's willingness to take action in favor of or against nuclear energy from a moral perspective. We conducted a questionnaire study among a sample of the Dutch population (N = 123). As expected, perceptions of risks and benefits were related to personal norms (PN), that is, feelings of moral obligation toward taking action in favor of or against nuclear energy. In turn, PN predicted willingness to take action. Furthermore, PN mediated the relationships between perceptions of risk and benefits and willingness to take action. In line with our hypothesis, beliefs about the risks and benefits of nuclear energy were less powerful in explaining PN for supporters compared to PN of opponents. Also, beliefs on risks and benefits and PN explained significantly more variance in willingness to take action of opponents than of supporters. Our results suggest that a moral framework is useful to explain willingness to take action in favor of and against nuclear energy, and that people are more likely to protest in favor of or against nuclear energy when PN are strong. 相似文献