人文社会科的尴尬与破解

由于人文-社会科的学科名称厘定及其内涵界定等学理建设的欠缺,导致了学科地位及其内涵的认识混乱,从而导致了诸如教学资源建设、教学过程设计、课程内容衔接等教学建设滞后问题。同时,学科地位低下导致了学科教师的地位低下;学科内容骤然新增和高度综合提出的较高教师要求与任课教师水平形成的差距,突显了学科教师在专业知识、教学能力、专业持续发展等教师专业建设中的困难。为此,首先,从学科概念厘清及其系列课程关系澄清入手,以推进学理建设;其次,从学科地位提升、教学理念明晰着手,以推进全面教学建设;最后,除应急的多渠道教师培训外,还需要从教师的专业发展动力激发、专业知识完善和教研能力形成等方面促进教师队伍建设。     

纽马克翻译理论在不同文本类型中的体现

纽马克的翻译理论主要是语义翻译和交际翻译。他将文本分为三种类型：表达文本、信息文本与呼唤文本,不同的文本应使用不同的翻译方法。本文对纽马克的翻译理论进行详细的解读,并运用英汉翻译实例对其翻译思想在翻译中的体现进行分析,以加深对语义翻译与交际翻译的理解。     

我国医师多点执业制度影响因素鱼骨图分析

医师多点执业制度的实施效果受到许多因素的影响,文章采用鱼骨图分析法,分析了影响医师多点执业实施的关键因素,主要包括政策因素、组织因素和个人因素三个方面.建议通过完善法律法规,建立监督体系,修改医师考核体系及增强医师法律意识等措施,稳步推进医师多点执业的实施.     

我国鸭苗价格波动的周期性研究

在分析影响我国鸭苗价格周期性波动原因的基础上,利用X12季节调整法与H-P滤波模型法对我国鸭苗价格周期波动进行研究。结果表明:鸭苗价格波动具有周期性,周期平均长度为33个月,每个周期具有非对称性,每一周期的持续上涨时间低于持续下降时间。提出建立鸭苗生产的资格准入制度和标准许可证制度、合理控制鸭苗供给规模、保持国际和国内肉鸭市场信息畅通和加强肉鸭的疫病防治工作等相关的建议。     

黑格尔法哲学思想中的自由观及现实意义

黑格尔称＂法是自由意志的定在＂,法哲学的最终目的在于认识法的理念,即＂自由＂。从黑格尔《法哲学原理》的思想理论可以看到＂自由意志＂经历了抽象法、道德和伦理三个阶段,其自由观运作的原因在于法律保障自由、道德营造自由和伦理实现自由,客观的法律与主观的道德统一于伦理实体,构成完整的自由观运作机制。其法哲学中的自由理念在于使民众树立正确的＂自由＂价值观,在法律规定的范围内理性的行使个人权利,运用好法这把度尺,实现个人自由意志,真正践行好个人自由。     

目标导向层次分析方法

对含有抽象属性的多属性层次结构而言,层次分析法即AHP（包括DIS-AHP、ABS-AHP、IDE-AHP和SUP-AHP四种具体方法）会因比率比较基准缺失、权重内涵模糊不清或方案评价不保序而缺乏科学理性。为发展AHP,基于摆幅置权（SW）判断模式和多属性决策属性价值公度方法,首先给出了能为层次结构抽象属性上的SW判断提供支持的规约性多属性决策属性价值公度方法,然后由此并结合多属性价值理论给出了能够克服现有层次分析法内在缺陷的目标导向层次分析方法即ToAHP。相对于AHP,ToAHP在判断模式与权重内涵、方法建构的理论基础和相关假设检验、方案评价保序与其内在数理依据上具有明显的相对科学合理性。应用分析表明：在输入信息可比的条件下,ToAHP明显优于AHP的四种分析方法之中最具可信性的SUP-AHP方法。     

Entrepreneurial Motivations and Capabilities of Migrant Entrepreneurs in Australia

This article presents findings on immigrant entrepreneurship in Australia. The relationship between the entrepreneurial start‐up motivation, co‐ethnic preferences and entrepreneurial capabilities of established immigrant businesses are explored. We analyse data collected with a self‐administered survey questionnaire from 157 immigrant entrepreneurs in Melbourne's suburbs. Our findings show that immigrant entrepreneurs who report a high level of individual achievement as their start‐up motivation also report high levels of entrepreneurial capabilities in terms of opportunity recognition, managerial innovativeness and proactiveness. Immigrant entrepreneurs who are highly influenced by co‐ethnic preferences on staff employment and customer targeting report higher opportunity recognition than those who have a co‐ethnic preference on suppliers. We provide important insights and explanations for these findings and their implications for Australian immigrant entrepreneurs and policymakers.     

THE INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY REVOLUTION AND THE UNSECURED CREDIT MARKET

The information technology (IT) revolution coincided with the transformation of the U.S. unsecured credit market. Households' borrowing increased rapidly and there was an even faster increase in bankruptcy filings. A risk of default model with asymmetric information and costly screening is introduced to study this period. When information costs are high, the design of contracts under private information prevents some households from borrowing with a risk of default. As information costs drop, households borrow more and bankruptcy filings increase. Quantitative exercises suggest that the IT revolution may have played an important role in the transformation of the unsecured credit market. (JEL E43, E44, G33)     

Career Assessment and Counseling for STEM: A Critical Review

Career counselors must continually enhance their knowledge and skills to assist clients contemplating careers in science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM). Therefore, the authors review STEM disciplines and theory‐driven strategies for assisting diverse individuals to explore, enter, and persist in STEM careers. Appropriate use of career assessments can contribute greatly to this effort. To identify available measures for STEM‐focused domains and constructs, the authors conducted a journal content analysis of stand‐alone STEM‐related career assessments from 1983 to 2016, identifying 39 articles with 153 measures. Notable results included the emergence of social cognitive theory and social cognitive career theory as prevailing frameworks for instrument development, a wide variety of disciplines and journals represented, an underrepresentation of minority samples, and untapped potential for cross‐discipline and researcher–practitioner collaboration. Useful strategies and resources for counselors and recommendations for enhancing career assessments and interventions are addressed.     

Neoliberal discourses and ethnonormative regime in post-recognition Peru: redefining hierarchies and identities

ABSTRACT

This article analyses the impact of ‘recognition’ of cultural and ethnic diversity in Peru. It proposes that the rise of a new global ‘ethnonormativity’ – a regime to define and administrate cultural and identity differences, to establish boundaries between those who ‘are’ ethnic and those who are not, and to set rights and duties derived from identities – has had meagre effects in Peru. While the past decades have witnessed the emergence of Latin American political actors who regard indigenousness as their basic political identity, there has been no ‘emergence of indigenous movements’ in Peru. The discourses that highlight the importance of diversity have gained terrain – unsettling, to a certain extent, the narratives of assimilation through ‘development’ and mestizaje – and the Peruvian state has officially embraced ‘recognition’, including it in its official rhetoric and creating institutions to design policies to guarantee the rights of the indigenous and Afroperuvian ‘peoples’ (itself a label part of the language of multiculturalism). The state has also crafted a definition of ‘indigenous peoples’ and introduced ethnic variables in censuses and official statistics, thus being active in the production and regulation of subjects. Some civil society actors have also incorporated ethnic labels into their rhetoric to adapt to the global turn to identity politics. Peru remains, however, a fertile terrain for neoliberal policies and discourses of a different kind. A discourse that exalts ‘emprendedurismo’ (entrepreneurship) and states that success depends entirely on personal effort has become a new common sense, obscuring the structural inequality that has historically affected indigenous and Afroperuvian people. Extractivism continues to damage the environment and the rights of indigenous people, while the expansion of agribusiness in the coastal valleys of Peru keeps people – regardless of their ‘ethnic’ self-identification – in poverty and without basic labour and social rights. The article suggests that the ambiguities of the ethnonormative regime in Peru may serve as a diversion from structural issues in a context of neoliberalism and may re-elaborate racial hierarchies, racism and the narratives of mestizaje it allegedly opposes.