交际意识是外语教学交际法的灵魂

交际法时下似乎已不怎么"奏效”,对其认识上误区不少,做法上许多已远离初衷.本文从培养学生的交际能力为外语教学的主要目的出发,阐明了交际思想的由来与实质,论述了交际思想两大支柱理论交际能力和学生中心思想.交际思想具有丰富的内涵.交际法不是一种具体的教学方法,而是一种思想观念.要真正有效地实施交际法,必须从转变观念入手,培养和树立各种交际意识.     

Distance graphs on R n with 1-norm

Suppose S is a subset of a metric space X with metric d. For each subset D⊆{d(x,y):x,y∈S,x≠y}, the distance graph G(S,D) is the graph with vertex set S and edge set E(S,D)={xy:x,y∈S,d(x,y)∈D}. The current paper studies distance graphs on the n-space R ₁ ⁿ with 1-norm. In particular, most attention is paid to the subset Z ₁ ⁿ of all lattice points of R ₁ ⁿ . The results obtained include the degrees of vertices, components, and chromatic numbers of these graphs. Dedicated to Professor Frank K. Hwang on the occasion of his 65th birthday. Supported in part by the National Science Council under grant NSC-94-2115-M-002-015. Taida Institue for Mathematical Sciences, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan. National Center for Theoretical Sciences, Taipei Office.     

素质教育、创新教育与人才培养计划

素质教育、创新教育的教育思想如何体现,十几年来在高等教育的教育改革与实践中被研究、深化.人才培养计划作为人才培养的指导性文件,是人才培养的指南.如何能够较好体现素质教育、创新教育思想,是将人才培养计划落在实处的重要方面.     

试论声乐演唱中的气息运用

文章从生理解剖学的角度来解释正确呼吸时人体相应器官的配合运作过程 ,把客观理论及前人的经验方法与演唱者的实际体验相结合 ,进一步阐述应当如何控制使用自如的呼吸唱出美好的声音     

Establishing decision tree-based short-term default credit risk assessment models

ABSTRACT

Traditional credit risk assessment models do not consider the time factor; they only think of whether a customer will default, but not the when to default. The result cannot provide a manager to make the profit-maximum decision. Actually, even if a customer defaults, the financial institution still can gain profit in some conditions. Nowadays, most research applied the Cox proportional hazards model into their credit scoring models, predicting the time when a customer is most likely to default, to solve the credit risk assessment problem. However, in order to fully utilize the fully dynamic capability of the Cox proportional hazards model, time-varying macroeconomic variables are required which involve more advanced data collection. Since short-term default cases are the ones that bring a great loss for a financial institution, instead of predicting when a loan will default, a loan manager is more interested in identifying those applications which may default within a short period of time when approving loan applications. This paper proposes a decision tree-based short-term default credit risk assessment model to assess the credit risk. The goal is to use the decision tree to filter the short-term default to produce a highly accurate model that could distinguish default lending. This paper integrates bootstrap aggregating (Bagging) with a synthetic minority over-sampling technique (SMOTE) into the credit risk model to improve the decision tree stability and its performance on unbalanced data. Finally, a real case of small and medium enterprise loan data that has been drawn from a local financial institution located in Taiwan is presented to further illustrate the proposed approach. After comparing the result that was obtained from the proposed approach with the logistic regression and Cox proportional hazards models, it was found that the classifying recall rate and precision rate of the proposed model was obviously superior to the logistic regression and Cox proportional hazards models.     

浅论21世纪大学生心理素质教育及其培养

本文认为 ,心理素质对大学生的成长具有重要意义。但由于种种原因 ,我国学生的心理素质教育却长期没能引起教育界的重视 ,青年大学生中普遍存在着较突出的心理问题。因此 ,亟需加强对青年大学生进行心理素质教育和培养 ,努力提高学生的心理素质 ,培养健康心理。     

Examining coping strategies used by Spanish female social work students: evidence for the importance of social problem-solving abilities

The present study examined the role of social problem-solving abilities in the coping strategies used by 310 female social work students from Spain. Results from comparative analyses of the coping strategies, used by students to deal with stressful situations, indicated the greater use of functional forms of coping (eg problem solving and cognitive restructuring), compared to dysfunctional forms of coping (eg problem avoidance and wishful thinking). Moreover, results from regression analyses indicated that constructive social problem-solving abilities, namely, positive problem orientation and rational problem solving, predicted the use of functional coping strategies (eg problem solving, cognitive restructuring, and express emotions). Alternatively, one damaging social problem-solving ability, namely, negative problem orientation, predicted the use of dysfunctional coping strategies (eg problem avoidance, wishful thinking, self criticism, and social withdrawal). Taken together, these findings provide an important first step for understanding what and how social problem-solving abilities might inform how social work students cope with stressful situations as they arise. Some implications for social work education and training are discussed.     

买方市场条件下的企业营销对策

买方市场的形成是我国经济发展过程的一个划时代变化，它将对我国企业经营和营销带来严峻挑战。本文分析了我国买方市场的形成、特征及其对企业营销的影响，并就买方市场条件下企业营销对策进行了重点分析。     

抗战时期广西人口变迁及其对社会的影响

在抗日战争时期著名的人口“西进运动”中,广西不仅是这次“运动”的中转站,同时,也是“运动”的目的地之一。这次大规模的人口迁移,不仅带来了广西人口在抗战期间的大幅度攀升,更为重要的是大量人口的涌入对广西社会产生了深远地影响,对广西的现代化进程起到了推动作用。