中国造物艺术史研究中的核心问题 ——以包装艺术史的写作为例

造物艺术史研究之中只有赋予造物艺术史以某种新意义、新价值或者新答案的论著才称得上是具有启迪意义的论著。要做到这一点,既要求研究者必须具备良好的历史意识,更要求其在研究中把握好“源与流”“内容与形式”“历时性与共时性”“造物的因果律”等核心问题。这些问题不仅涉及能否准确把握人类物质文明发展的历史全貌,而且关乎人类历史发展动力和规律中复杂关系的揭示。造物艺术的历史,不只是物态的历史,还是一部与人有关的生产生活史。近年来,造物艺术史研究对这些问题和关系的探索,出现了两个引人瞩目的新变化：一是研究方式从描述转向阐释;二是研究视角从核心转移到了边缘。     

培训为创业创业促就业

近年来,自谋职业、自主创业正日益成为下岗失业人员再就业的重要渠道。但下岗失业人员文化技能水平较低,竞争能力较弱,缺乏创业必备的经营管理知识和能力、技巧,严重影响了他们的再就业和创业活动。创业培训工作的实施,帮助这些下岗失业人员系统学习创业知识与技能,理清创业思路,增强创办企业的能力,提高创业成功率,从而真正实现了以培训助创业,以创业促就业。     

Order consolidation for hierarchical product lines

We consider the batch production of hierarchical product lines in raw material industry where the whole or parts of multiple customer orders may be consolidated and processed in the same batch if their product specifications are compatible. The objective of the problem is to find maximum possible number of batches completely filled up to their capacity. The compatibility relationship among product specifications is represented by a graph called the compatibility graph. If the compatibility graph is an arbitrary graph, the problem is proven to be NP-hard and belongs to Max SNP-hard class. We develop an optimum algorithm for an important subclass of the problem where the graph is a quasi-threshold graph which in fact is the case for producing hierarchical product lines that are often found in raw materials industry.     

Are there more almost separable partitions than separable partitions?

A partition of a set of n points in d-dimensional space into p parts is called an (almost) separable partition if the convex hulls formed by the parts are (almost) pairwise disjoint. These two partition classes are the most encountered ones in clustering and other partition problems for high-dimensional points and their usefulness depends critically on the issue whether their numbers are small. The problem of bounding separable partitions has been well studied in the literature (Alon and Onn in Discrete Appl. Math. 91:39–51, 1999; Barnes et al. in Math. Program. 54:69–86, 1992; Harding in Proc. Edinb. Math. Soc. 15:285–289, 1967; Hwang et al. in SIAM J. Optim. 10:70–81, 1999; Hwang and Rothblum in J. Comb. Optim. 21:423–433, 2011a). In this paper, we prove that for d≤2 or p≤2, the maximum number of almost separable partitions is equal to the maximum number of separable partitions.     

应对消费文化时代的文艺理论新课题

当代中国审美文化实践正在发生着深刻的变化,传统的带有形而上特征的审美活动正从孤立的时空中走出来,融入到更为广阔无限延展的日常生活中,文化产品也更多地带有了商品属性成为普遍的消费品。这些都给文艺理论在新世纪的建设提出了许多新的问题。文章试从文艺观的调整、知识立场的反思、批评对象的拓展以及批评平台的拓宽这四个方面对消费时代的文艺理论的建设问题予以回应。     

Risks Perception of Electromagnetic Fields in Taiwan: The Influence of Psychopathology and the Degree of Sensitivity to Electromagnetic Fields

Little is known about the perceived health risks of electromagnetic fields (EMFs) and factors associated with risk perception in non‐Western countries. Psychological conditions and risk perception have been postulated as factors that facilitate the attribution of health complaints to environmental factors. This study investigated people's perceived risks of EMFs and other environmental sources, as well as the relationships between risk perception, psychopathology, and the degree of self‐reported sensitivity to EMFs. A total of 1,251 adults selected from a nationwide telephone interviewing system database responded to a telephone survey about the relationships between environmental sources and human health. The interview included questions assessing participants’ psychiatric conditions and the presence and degree of sensitivity to EMFs. One hundred and seventy participants were self‐identified as having sensitivity to EMFs, and 141 met the criteria for psychiatric conditions without EMF sensitivity. More than half of the survey respondents considered power lines and mobile phone base stations to affect people's health to a big extent. Higher sensitivity to EMFs, psychopathology, being female, being married, more years of education, and having a catastrophic illness had positive associations with perceived risks of EMF‐related environmental sources as well as for all environmental sources combined. We observed no moderating effect of psychopathology on the association between degree of sensitivity to EMF and risk perception. Thus, psychopathology had influence on general people's risk perception without having influence on the relationship between people's degree of sensitivity to EMF and risk perception. The plausible explanations are discussed in the text.     

Trade-off between quoted lead time and price

In a make-to-order environment, lead time and price can play a crucial role in determining the financial success of a firm. Their importance increases when demand is sensitive to the quoted lead time and price. A model is presented which uses the quoted lead time and price as a mechanism to determine the optimal demand level. The relationships between the model parameters and their impacts on the firm's profit is also analysed. In addition, the effect of the number of job requests, and the mean processing time are examined. Based on the results presented in this paper, there is clear indication that the firm's profit is sensitive to the inventory holding rate, and that the inventory holding cost component is redundant in the presence of a tardiness cost component.     

Impact of investing in quality improvement on (Q,r, L) model involving the imperfect production process

This paper investigates the impact of quality improvement on the modified lot size reorder point models involving variable lead time and partial backorders. The formulated models include the imperfect production process and an investing option of improving the process quality. The objective is simultaneously optimizing the lot size, reorder point, process quality level and lead time. We first assume that the lead time demand follows a normal distribution, then relax this assumption to consider the distribution-free case where only the mean and standard deviation of lead time demand are known. An algorithm procedure of finding the optimal solution is developed, and two numerical examples are given to illustrate the results.