论"和谐剃刀"--以生态系统的自平衡机制为线索

智慧的生态系统内存着一个奇妙的自平衡机制,这个自平衡机制恰似一个平衡万物价值、维护和谐的剃刀.和谐剃刀,又称平衡剃刀,其基本内涵是为了平衡万物的价值,和谐剃刀有时会为了保全一种存在而牺牲另一种存在,这是迫不得已的,甚至是必要的;和谐剃刀会理解包括人类在内的所有种群的适度需求,但不会容忍他们(或它们)的过度贪婪;即使是为了生存与发展的必需,人类也必须以人道的方式宰杀其他动植物或改变其他存在的存在状态,将其痛苦和对自然既有和谐秩序的破坏降低到最低限度;关键时刻,和谐剃刀会剔除妨害和谐借以实现的因素;因此,我们应当仅仅向自然索取我们确实需要的那一部分,对自然施加可以接受的影响;如无必要,人类尽可能不要随意改变自然界的存在状态.敬畏万有存在和万有存在共同体,以和谐正义法则构筑万物存在和演化共同的和谐基础,是万有存在的共赢选择.     

浅析生态城市

“生态城市”是在联合国教科文组织发起的“人与生物圈”计划研究过程中提出的一个概念。生态城市有着不同于传统城市的特点,强调社会、经济、自然的协调发展。生态城市的本质是实现城市经济、社会、环境的共赢。针对我国城市化建设中出现的问题,确立建设生态城市的必然性,进而探讨我国建设生态城市的对策。     

Income and Financial Satisfaction among Older Adults in the United States

Using data from the General Social Surveys,this study compares the effects of differentincome variables on financial satisfactionamong people age 65 and above in the UnitedStates. Results suggest that simply usinghousehold income as a variable without anyadjustment does not capture the real effect ofincome on financial satisfaction. Incomeequivalence scales and per-capita income arebetter income predictors of financialsatisfaction than family income. Given thefact that it is not uncommon in financialsatisfaction as well as subjective well-beingresearch to use the family income variablewithout adjustment, findings regarding theeffect of income from those studies should beinterpreted with caution.     

中韩日三国未来在经济上的竞争与合作

一、导言(一)改变中的世界经济数千年前,古代中国在比较厚实的基础之上,就已发展出灿烂的文化,而这先进的文化与经济也通过“丝绸之路”向西方传播。     

中国粮食价格波动特征研究——基于X-12-ARIMA模型和ARCH类模型

以小麦和大豆为例,研究2002年1月至2012年6月中国粮食价格波动特征。首先利用X-12-ARIMA模型对价格序列进行季节调整,然后运用ARCH类模型对剥离季节因素的价格序列进行波动分析。结果发现:中国粮食价格季节性波动逐年减弱;粮食价格具有明显的波动集簇性,前期价格波动和外部冲击对后期价格的影响具有持续性;粮食市场不存在"高风险、高回报"特征;小麦价格波动的非对称性不显著,而大豆价格波动则呈现明显的非对称特征,且上期价格上涨信息引发的波动要大于下跌信息。     

A simulation study of five biased estimators for straight line regression

Five biased estimators of the slope in straight line regression are considered. For each, the estimate of the “bias parameter”, k, is a function of N, the number of observations, and [rcirc]² , the square of the least squares estimate of the standardized slope, β. The estimators include that of Farebrother, the ridge estimator of Hoerl, Kennard, and Baldwin, Vinod's shrunken estimators., and a new modification of one of the latter. Properties of the estimators are studied for 13 combinations of N and 3. Results of simulation experiments provide empirical evidence concerning the values of means and variances of the biased estimators of the slope and estimates of the “bias parameter”, the mean square errors of the estimators, and the frequency of improvement relative to least squares. Adjustments to degrees of freedom in the biased regression analysis of variance table are also considered. An extension of the new modification to the case of p> 1 independent variables is presented in an Appendix.     

Aquatic landscape change,extirpations, and introductions in the Chicago Region

Urban Ecosystems - Prior to European settlement, swamps, marshes, lakes, and streams were the major landscape features of the Chicago region. Much of this has been altered or lost in the past...     

A Comparison of Normalized and Non-Normalized Multiplicative Subjective Importance Weighting in Quality of Life Measurement

Social Indicators Research - In quality of life (QOL) studies, importance weighting generally refers to the incorporation of perceived importance as a weighting factor into measures of QOL....     

试论社会稳定与和谐社会构建

维护社会稳定,是构建社会主义和谐社会的必然要求。和谐社会的首要标志便是稳定和有序。但是,当前在我国还存在着诸多影响社会稳定的因素。本文从多角度、多侧面探讨了如何确保社会稳定,促进和谐社会的构建。