我国修宪实际程序研究

我国修宪实际程序所存在的问题有:缺乏对修宪的详细法律规定,执政党实际领导和参与修宪过于直接,人大修宪的实际程序未能充分体现出其特殊地位等.因此,在宪法中应当设专章或专条予以详细规定,改进执政党对修宪的实际领导和参与方式,实行民主化、法治化、间接化的领导和参与方式,以及完善人大修宪的实际程序等.     

ELICITING A DIRECTED ACYCLIC GRAPH FOR A MULTIVARIATE TIME SERIES OF VEHICLE COUNTS IN A TRAFFIC NETWORK

The problem of modelling multivariate time series of vehicle counts in traffic networks is considered. It is proposed to use a model called the linear multiregression dynamic model (LMDM). The LMDM is a multivariate Bayesian dynamic model which uses any conditional independence and causal structure across the time series to break down the complex multivariate model into simpler univariate dynamic linear models. The conditional independence and causal structure in the time series can be represented by a directed acyclic graph (DAG). The DAG not only gives a useful pictorial representation of the multivariate structure, but it is also used to build the LMDM. Therefore, eliciting a DAG which gives a realistic representation of the series is a crucial part of the modelling process. A DAG is elicited for the multivariate time series of hourly vehicle counts at the junction of three major roads in the UK. A flow diagram is introduced to give a pictorial representation of the possible vehicle routes through the network. It is shown how this flow diagram, together with a map of the network, can suggest a DAG for the time series suitable for use with an LMDM.     

《诗经》与儒家美学

《诗经》通过孔子的阐述,成为儒家美学的根基。之所以如此,除了孔子自身的思想外,《诗经》的文本比较好地体现出了四种品格:比兴品格、写实品格、言志品格和温柔敦厚品格,儒家美学正是在这个基础上得以生发的。     

Plaid designs for the evaluation of training for medical practitioners

The training of medical practitioners to improve the practitioner/patient relationship may be difficult, as limitations often exist on the choice of patients included in the study. A specific study of this type of training is given. It is proposed that a simple modification and generalization of Yates' plaid-square designs be used. It is shown that a replicated plaid-design incorporates as a special case the criss-cross or strip-plot design. The usefulness of these designs in studies of the training of medical practitioners is illustrated. The basic characteristics of their analysis are outlined.     

哲学审视中的我

对我的语言学反思应该与哲学反思联系在一起。作为哲学概念的我必须通过作为语词概念的我来表达。对我的语言学反思为哲学反思提供了启发。我作为哲学概念始终是与作为主体的人相联系。正是在构建"为我而存在"关系的过程中,主体把"为我而存在"的对象与不"为我而存在"的对象区别开来,从而总是以我的姿态与客体相对应。只有当主体在意识中对主体的我予以意识时,主体才能以主体的形态在世界中凸现出来。我作为主体的自知意识在本质上是社会建构的。自我意识就是主体对自身进行反映所形成的意识。人是物质和精神的统一,由此就决定了自我意识的二层涵义是不可分割地联系在一起。自我意识既具有个体形态,又具有群众形态,二者相互作用。     

Sets of alternatives as Condorcet winners

We characterize sets of alternatives which are Condorcet winners according to preferences over sets of alternatives, in terms of properties defined on preferences over alternatives. We state our results under certain preference extension axioms which, at any preference profile over alternatives, give the list of admissible preference profiles over sets of alternatives. It turns out to be that requiring from a set to be a Condorcet winner at every admissible preference profile is too demanding, even when the set of admissible preference profiles is fairly narrow. However, weakening this requirement to being a Condorcet winner at some admissible preference profile opens the door to more permissive results and we characterize these sets by using various versions of an undomination condition. Although our main results are given for a world where any two sets – whether they are of the same cardinality or not – can be compared, the case for sets of equal cardinality is also considered. Received: 15 March 2001/Accepted: 31 May 2002 This paper was written while Barış Kaymak was a graduate student in Economics at Boğazi?i University. We thank ?ağatay Kayı and İpek ?zkal-Sanver who kindly agreed to be our initial listeners. The paper has been presented at the Economic Theory seminars of Bilkent, Ko? and Sabancı Universities as well as at the Fifth Conference of the Society for the Advancement of Economic Theory, July 2001, Ischia, Italy and at the 24^th Bosphorus Workshop on Economic Design, August 2001, Bodrum, Turkey. We thank Fuad Aleskerov, İzak Atiyas, ?zgür Kıbrıs, Semih Koray, Gilbert Laffond, Bezalel Peleg, Murat Sertel, Tayfun S?nmez, Utku ünver and all the participants. Remzi Sanver acknowledges partial financial support from İstanbul Bilgi University and the Turkish Academy of Sciences and thanks Haluk Sanver and Serem Ltd. for their continuous moral and financial support. Last but not the least, we thank Carmen Herrero and two anonymous referees. Of course we are the sole responsible for all possible errors.     

当代中国心理咨询与治疗本土化的途径

通过对国内心理咨询、治疗发展问题的分析认为,必须加速心理咨询与治疗本土化.心理咨询与治疗本土化的途径,首先是心理咨询和治疗者工作者自身的本土化.其次是加速心理测量的本土化,改革高校心理学专业课程设置、普及学校心理辅导、心理咨询,以及将传统心理咨询形式与现代心理咨询形式的结合.     

亦同亦异的两部表现"吃人"主题的杰作——《狂人日记》和《可以吃的女人》比较

加拿大女作家阿特伍德的《可以吃的女人》和鲁迅先生的《狂人日记》有很多可比之处:两个文本涉及了“吃”人主题,却有不同表现;都运用象征手法,但承载的内涵不一样;主人公都是迫害狂精神病患者,但又有差异,他们具有不同的社会内涵。