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71.
72.
In a paper examining informal networks and organizational crisis, Krackhardt and Stern (1988) proposed a measure assessing the extent to which relations in a network were internal to a group as opposed to external. They called their measure the E–I index. The measure is now in wide use and is implemented in standard network packages such as UCINET ( Borgatti et al., 2002). The measure is based on a partition-based degree centrality measure and as such can be extended to other centrality measures and group level data. We explore extensions to closeness, betweenness and eigenvector centrality, and show how to apply the technique to sets of subgroups that do not form a partition. In addition, the extension to betweenness suggests a linkage to the Gould and Fernandez brokerage measures, which we explore. 相似文献
73.
T Wokoma M Everett C Domoney H Currie N Panay R Maamari RE Nappi D Singer M Hunter E Mann J Pitkin N Panay D Holloway J Rymer L Morgan R Rajagopal K Stowpart M Jawad N Kamal K Maclaran JC Stevenson P Collins N Panay N Panay K Maclaran M Gerval E Horner C Bellone P Haider A Hillard L Porter T Hillard H Rubinstein M Mittal M Kreatsa A Yamoah M Savvas H Hamoda R Shaunak D Holloway B McIntyre J Ryme R Lotfi M Loukid MK Hilali TN Fay 《Menopause international》2012,18(3):118-122
74.
Everett E. Adam 《决策科学》1973,4(4):458-470
A computer simulation experiment was conducted to evaluate and compare seven individual item forecasting models across five different demand patterns. Results indicate the best model varies depending upon the demand pattern, the time period forecast, the noise level of the demand pattern, and to a lesser extent the measure of forecast error. Across all demand patterns, exponential double smoothing was best for the long run forecast and at least second best for the short run regardless of noise level in the demand patterns. Analysis of models within a demand pattern yielded, in most cases, several models as ranking equally well. The adaptive model developed here did not perform as well as some other models. For example, it ranked no better than third on a step function demand pattern. 相似文献
75.
A computer simulation experiment was replicated to correct errors in an earlier paper and to compare seven individual item forecasting models across five different demand patterns. Results confirm previous findings that the better forecasting model depends upon the demand pattern and the forecast horizon, as well as the noise level. Nevertheless, exponential double smoothing emerged as the most robust model. 相似文献
76.
David Everett Marko 《Journal of Muslim Minority Affairs》2019,39(2):246-258
This paper reviews the consequences of Donald J. Trump’s anti-Muslim rhetoric and policies vis-à-vis his travel ban on Muslim immigration experiences. The paper looks at the impact of Trump’s and like-minded European leaders’ Islamophobic rhetoric and policies on dominant cultures, public policies, and assimilation of Muslims in the U.S. and in Europe. The review correlates said rhetoric and policies with public attitudes about Muslims, the rise of hate crimes and violence against Muslims, public policy changes, and assimilation (including civic engagement) of Muslims. The paper contrasts the differences in attitudes and responses of Muslim and non-Muslim communities in the U.S. and Europe. It concludes that U.S. and European Muslims retain overall positive attitudes about their new home countries and institutions and are politically engaged against the rise of anti-Muslim xenophobia, which varies between America and Europe, based on their respective histories, cultures and economies. 相似文献
77.
Few studies have examined whether sex differences in mortality are associated with different distributions of risk factors
or result from the unique relationships between risk factors and mortality for men and women. We extend previous research
by systematically testing a variety of factors, including health behaviors, social ties, socioeconomic status, and biological
indicators of health. We employ the National Health and Nutritional Examination Survey III Linked Mortality File and use Cox
proportional hazards models to examine sex differences in adult mortality in the United States. Our findings document that
social and behavioral characteristics are key factors related to the sex gap in mortality. Once we control for women’s lower
levels of marriage, poverty, and exercise, the sex gap in mortality widens; and once we control for women’s greater propensity
to visit with friends and relatives, attend religious services, and abstain from smoking, the sex gap in mortality narrows.
Biological factors—including indicators of inflammation and cardiovascular risk—also inform sex differences in mortality.
Nevertheless, persistent sex differences in mortality remain: compared with women, men have 30% to 83% higher risks of death
over the follow-up period, depending on the covariates included in the model. Although the prevalence ofriskfactors differs
by sex, the impact of those riskfactors on mortality is similar for men and women. 相似文献
78.
79.
Henry SB Smith DB Archuleta KL Sanders-Hahs E Goff BS Reisbig AM Schwerdtfeger KL Bole A Hayes E Hoheisel CB Nye B Osby-Williams J Scheer T 《Journal of marital and family therapy》2011,37(3):319-332
Research traditionally has focused on the development of symptoms in those who experienced trauma directly but overlooked the impact of trauma on the families of victims. In recent years, researchers and clinicians have begun to examine how individual exposure to traumatic events affects the spouses/partners, children, and professional helpers of trauma survivors. The current study reports data from a larger mixed-methodology study that includes qualitative interview data from 17 individuals, coded to identify the mechanisms that may affect the couple's interpersonal functioning when there is a history of trauma exposure in one or both partners. The following primary themes were identified: role in the relationship, boundary issues, intimacy problems, triggers, and coping mechanisms. Areas for future research and clinical implications also are identified. 相似文献
80.
This article examines the business of water privatization and the ethics implied in the transformation of the water services sector in developing countries. Drawing on data derived from field visits and semi‐structured interviews held with members of government, nongovernmental organizations, and other stakeholders in one country undergoing transformation in this sector, Ghana, the article considers the ethical perspectives of the various involved stakeholders. The analysis draws on three perspectives—Gilligan's ethic of care, Rawls’ principles of justice, and virtue ethics—which together highlight the economic, class, and gender‐based dimensions of the privatization debate. Finding that endemic mistrust characterizes this debate, the article considers what is needed to re‐instill trust among stakeholders. Specific implications are provided for business leaders and government policymakers. 相似文献