Hierarchie und Entlohnung

In this paper, we suggest a wage scheme that accounts for the hierarchical structure of an enterprise. We employ concepts of cooperative game theory and modify the van den Brink (2008) approach. Besides results on how the hierarchy affects wage differentials between levels of the hierarchy, we deal with the allocation of employees to the different levels.     

?Hegemoniale M?nnlichkeiten‘ alsnarrative Distinktionspraxis im Wissenschaftsspiel

The paper focuses theoretically and methodologically on the analysis of narrative constructions of gender from the perspective of sociology of science. It contributes to discussions about extending discourse analytical perspectives by impulses from theories of social practice. Thus it suggests analyzing scientific narratives as routinized ??strategic fictions?? in the context of gendered boundary work. Additionally, it draws on recent discussions on the concept of ??hegemonic masculinity?? as a generative principle and asks theoretically about practices in the course of which multiple, complex and context-specific versions of hegemonic masculinity are drafted as the outcome of discursive struggles and also of the competition among men. The empirical analysis thus reconstructs narrative practices of symbolically distinguishing and situating gendered actors in the social field of science. This is illustrated at the example of the professionalization of modern German engineering in the time period from the 1870ies until the turn of the century. In their writings engineering scholars initially composed the ??scientist of machinery?? as the symbolically neutralized position of objectivity by following a narrative of progress. Later the engineer as the ??man of action?? displaced the former concept by now stressing a narrative of a prehistorical origin of technological man whose competence is a gift of the nature of his sex. Both narratives are interpreted as an, in each case, specific mode of masculinity construction in order to struggle for a dominant position not only with respect to women but also to other social groups of men.     

Effect of ceasing creatine supplementation while maintaining resistance training in older men

The authors previously found that creatine (Cr) combined with 12 weeks of resistance training enhanced muscle strength and endurance and lean tissue mass (LTM) in older men. Their purpose in this study was to assess these variables with cessation of Cr combined with 12 weeks of reduced training (33% lower volume) in a subgroup of these men (n = 8, 73 years old) compared with 5 men (69 years old) who did not receive Cr. Strength (1-repetition maximum [1-RM]), endurance (maximum number of repetitions over 3 sets at 70-80% 1-RM), and LTM (dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry) were assessed before and after 12 weeks of Cr cessation combined with reduced-volume training. No changes in strength or LTM occurred. Muscle endurance was significantly reduced (7-21%; p <.05), with the rate of change similar between groups. Withdrawal from Cr had no effect on the rate of strength, endurance, and loss of lean tissue mass with 12 weeks of reduced-volume training.     

„The moral fabric in contemporary societies“ Bericht vom 35th world congress of the international institute of sociology Jagiellonian university Krakau, Polen, 11.–16. Juli 2001

Ohne Zusammenfassung     

Mentale Blockaden der Aufstiegskompetenz von Frauen

This paper analyses mental blocks of female career development competence. Mental blocks haven??t been systematically investigated so far. Therefore it was first necessary to define mental blocks and to explain their origin based on the theory of mental interference. The contents and impacts of mental blocks then were examined in various steps. Firstly typical ??key situations?? of female careers were found by interviewing 21 mentors of career interested females. Secondly, a questionnaire to survey the impacts was developed, the questionnaire on mental blocks in special development related situations (QMB-S). It was tested on reliability and validity in two pilot studies. Finally, an intervention study (untreated waiting control group design, n?=?52) showed a significant reduction of mental blocks (QMB-S) and a significant decrease of stress and pressure (examined by the subscales of TICS).     

F��hrungskompetenz durch die Verschr?nkung von Selbstreflexion und Methodenkenntnis am Beispiel eines F��hrungskompetenztrainings f��r weibliche Verwaltungskr?fte im kommunalen Bereich

This report presents a leadership competence training for women and its praxis which combines self-reflective aspects and methodical competencies. Globally, the dimensions of self, social, and methodical skills should be equally encouraged. The first step of the program focuses on self reflection of subjective attitudes of women including their leadership behavior and their own leadership competence as a basis for the adequate situational perception and awareness. The second step consists of developing methodological expertise in order to find appropriate ways of interaction as a manager which go beyond the focus on democracy-oriented decision-making. The design of the training is based on the needs evaluated with a gender equality officer of a northern German county. It has been since evaluated twice. The results encourage further investigation.     

Prägen Persönlichkeitseigenschaften Einstellungen zu Parteien?

Since the sixties the influence of personality traits on intentions to vote (for different political parties) and on the voting decision itself has scarcely been investigated. It seems very promising to take up this tradition again. This paper summarizes the author’s most important findings of the last ten years of research in this area. The results of several studies indicate that attitudes towards specific parties (and voting intentions) are correlated with personality traits in a characteristic way and with a remarkable degree of diachronical stability. In this context the variables “Openness”, “Conscientiousness” and “Agreeableness”, known from the “Five-Factor Model” (or Big-Five Model) of personality traits, are of great importance. Since 1989 similar covariations also appeared repeatedly for “Affinity to a Stable Cognitive Frame of Orientation”, a more specific personality characteristic. Theoretically, strong direct correlations of “big” personality traits with much more “specific” attitudes (towards political parties) or voting intentions are not necessarily to be expected. For this reason the studies also dealt with — and supplied evidence for — intervening processes. Theoretically, these analyses were based on Fishbein’s attitude model and on Byrne’s attraction paradigm.     

Berufliche Qualifizierung für Arbeitslose

The efficiency of publicly financed training measures is discussed. Findings concerning evaluation have for the most part diverged as a result of data problems. The article examines the efficiency of publicly financed training programs for East Germany which aim at reintegrating unemployed persons. The analysis is based on longitudinal data of the ?Berufsverlaufsstudie Ostdeutschland“ (occupational trajectories in East Germany) for the period 1990–1997. Analytically, the effect of training measures is split into a ?human capital“ and an ?institutional“ effect. Both effects are analyzed in a multivariate event history model. They operate in contrary directions: the institutional effect is marked by delayed reintegration of unemployed into work whereas the human capital effect results in better labour market chances due to additional credentials. In times of rapidly changing labour market structures the institutional effect overrides the human capital effect. In the East German transformation process, publicly financed training measures have not proved to bean efficient political instrument to speed up the reintegration of the unemployed people into gainful employment.