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33.
Gayane Novikova 《Transition Studies Review》2004,11(3):213-223
The collapse of the USSR was accompanied by transformation of the South Caucasian latent ethnopolitical conflicts into local wars. Today the situation in the area of the conflicts is “neither war, nor peace”. Three unresolved conflicts of the South Caucasus can be considered as one of the most serious obstacles for establishing a regional security system.The article gives the general characteristics of these conflicts, the trends of their development, taking into account the time factor, and analyzes the behavioral models of the main players – de jure recognized and unrecognized de facto states of the South Caucasus. The basic objective of the main players should be to keep the situation on a level preventing the resumption of the armed conflicts. The attempts of forced resolution of the conflicts are fraught with destabilization of the situation not only in the area of any of these conflicts but in the whole region. 相似文献
34.
Lu Lin 《Statistical Papers》2004,45(4):529-544
The quasi-score function, as defined by Wedderburn (1974) and McCullagh (1983) and so on, is a linear function of observations.
The generalized quasi-score function introduced in this paper is a linear function of some unbiased basis functions, where
the unbiased basis functions may be some linear functions of the observations or not, and can be easily constructed by the
meaning of the parameters such as mean and median and so on. The generalized quasi-likelihood estimate obtained by such a
generalized quasi-score function is consistent and has an asymptotically normal distribution. As a result, the optimum generalized
quasi-score is obtained and a method to construct the optimum unbiased basis function is introduced. In order to construct
the potential function, a conservative generalized estimating function is defined. By conservative, a potential function for
the projected score has many properties of a log-likelihood function. Finally, some examples are given to illustrate the theoretical
results.
This paper is supported by NNSF project (10371059) of China and Youth Teacher Foundation of Nankai University. 相似文献
35.
Starting with its early twentieth century origins, the development of Labor Economics is traced to the present. We describe
an intellectual revolution in which an earlier tra-dition that focused primarily on the institution of the labor union has
been replaced by a perspective that emphasizes the various roles played by labor markets in an eco-nomic system. That earlier
tradition contained very significant ideological elements, whereas its successor deals much more with the world of ideas.
In the course of the debate, which still continues, ideas triumphed over ideology and created modern Labor Economics. 相似文献
36.
Zusammenfassung Unter besonderer Berücksichtigung von Führungskr?ften wird ein aktueller überblick über Stressmanagementinterventionen in
der Arbeitswelt (ASMI) anhand von Metaanalysen und Reviews geleistet. Kognitiv-behaviorale und Entspannungstrainings dominieren
und sind effektiv auf individueller Ebene. Interventionen mit Führungskr?ften werden selten evaluiert. Neuere Entwicklungen
von ASMI sind ressourcenbezogen und integrieren zielgruppenorientiert personen- und bedingungsbezogenen Methoden auf der Grundlage
stressbezogener Analysen. Für Führungskr?fte wird auf der Grundlage ihrer Anforderungen, Stressoren und Ressourcen ein Coaching
Konzept entwickelt, bei dem die F?rderung der Self-Leadership Kompetenz und Transferpl?ne im Mittelpunkt stehen.
Dipl.-Psych. Christine G. Busch, Studium: TU Berlin, 1995–1996 Trainerin für Stressmanagement der AOK Berlin u. wiss. Mitarbeiterin an der Universit?t Potsdam; 1996–1998 Univ.-Assistentin für angewandte Psychologie an der Universit?t Innsbruck; seit 1998 wiss. Angestellte der Arbeits-, Betriebs- und Umweltpsychologie an der Universit?t Hamburg.
Dipl.-Psych. Brigitte Steinmetz, Studium: Universit?t Hamburg, seit 2000 freiberufl. T?tigkeit; 2001–02 Stipendiatin der Universit?t Hamburg; seit 2002 wiss. Mitarbeiterin der Arbeits-, Betriebs- und Umweltpsychologie an der Universit?t Hamburg 相似文献
The state-of-the-art in worksite stress management interventions (wSMI) with focus on the executive staff is shown through meta-analyses and reviews. The field is dominated by cognitive-behavioral, multimodal and relaxation trainings. These methods are effective on the individual level, however interventions with executives are rarely evaluated. New developments in wSMI are described where target-group and condition-focused methods are integrated on the basis of stress analyses. For executives, a coaching concept based on the specific demands, stressors and resources is developed with emphasis on the promotion of self-leadership and transfer plans.
Dipl.-Psych. Christine G. Busch, Studium: TU Berlin, 1995–1996 Trainerin für Stressmanagement der AOK Berlin u. wiss. Mitarbeiterin an der Universit?t Potsdam; 1996–1998 Univ.-Assistentin für angewandte Psychologie an der Universit?t Innsbruck; seit 1998 wiss. Angestellte der Arbeits-, Betriebs- und Umweltpsychologie an der Universit?t Hamburg.
Dipl.-Psych. Brigitte Steinmetz, Studium: Universit?t Hamburg, seit 2000 freiberufl. T?tigkeit; 2001–02 Stipendiatin der Universit?t Hamburg; seit 2002 wiss. Mitarbeiterin der Arbeits-, Betriebs- und Umweltpsychologie an der Universit?t Hamburg 相似文献
37.
38.
We show that Bayesian ex post aggregation is unstable with respect to refinements. Suppose a group of Bayesians use ex post
aggregation. Since it is a joint problem, each agent's problem is captured by the same model, but probabilities and utilities
may vary. If they analyze the same situation in more detail, their refined analysis should preserve their preferences among
acts. However, ex post aggregation could bring about a preference reversal on the group level. Ex post aggregation thus depends
on how much information is used and may keep oscillating (“flipping”) as one keeps adding more information.
Received: 16 April 2002/Accepted: 27 May 2002 相似文献
39.
Koji Takamiya 《Social Choice and Welfare》2003,20(1):77-83
In a general model of indivisible good allocation, S?nmez (1999) established that, whenever the core is nonempty for each
preference profile, if an allocation rule is strategy-proof, individually rational and Pareto optimal, then the rule is a
selection from the core correspondence, and the core correspondence must be essentially single-valued. This paper studies
the converse claim of this result. I demonstrate that whenever the preference domain satisfies a certain condition of `richness',
if the core correspondence is essentially single-valued, then any selection from the core correspondence is strategy-proof
(even weakly coalition strategy-proof, in fact). In particular, on the domain of preferences in which each individual has
strict preferences over his own assignments and there is no consumption externality, such an allocation rule is coalition
strategy-proof. And on this domain, coalition strategy-proofness is equivalent to Maskin monotonicity, an important property
in implementation theory.
Received: 22 February 2000/Accepted: 22 January 2002
I am grateful to Ryo-ichi Nagahisa, Shinji Ohseto, Hiroshi Ono, Tomoichi Shinotsuka and Shigehiro Serizawa for valuable comments.
And I am indebted to two anonymous referees for useful suggestions. Especially, I owe the present proof of Lemma 2 to one
referee. I also thank Yukihiko Funaki, Atsushi Kajii, Mamoru Kaneko, Eiichi Miyagawa, Tatsuyoshi Saijo, Manimay Sengupta,
Yves Sprumont, Yoshikatsu Tatamitani, Manabu Toda, Takashi Ui, Takehiko Yamato, Naoki Yoshihara and the participants of the
seminars in Hokkaido University, Kansai University, ISER (Osaka University), Otaru University of Commerce and Tsukuba University.
All errors are my own responsiblity. 相似文献
40.
This study examines housing quality among three groups of single-parent women: white, African-American, and Hispanic. Three
indicators of housing quality—crowding, affordability, and satisfaction—are used to discover the extent to which these groups
experience housing problems. This study also explores differences and similarities in the factors that precipitate problems
in housing quality for these three groups of single parents. Findings suggest important differences and similarities in the
nature of housing quality problems among white, African-American, and Hispanic single-parent women. The specified variables
explained about 20% of the variance in crowding, housing affordability, and housing satisfaction. On measures of objective
and subjective housing quality, white single mothers are better housed than their African-American or Hispanic counterparts.
Hispanic single mothers have the largest housing cost burden and average more persons per household than the other groups.
African-Americans are twice as likely as either group to live in low-quality housing and reported the lowest average satisfaction
with their housing.
Her research interests include housing and neighborhood assessment and women and public policy issues. She has recently published
articles inUrban Affairs Quarterly andHousing and Society on housing and neighborhood assessment criteria among black urban households and the housing cost burden of various groups
of female-headed households. She received her Ph.D. from Ohio State University.
Her research interests include the housing adjustment behavior of women and public policy. She has recently completed her
thesis on the role of noncustodial parents in determining the quality of life of their children. She is also the recipient
of the Tessie Agan Award for research excellence from the American Association of Housing Educators for a paper titled “Unterstanding
Constraints and Residential Satisfaction among Low-Income Single-Parent Families.” 相似文献