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901.
The European bond market is made up of many segments characterised by varying levels of liquidity and of pre- and post-trade
transparency. The possibility of extending the transparency provisions envisioned in the Directive 2004/39/EC, disciplining
the functioning of markets in financial instruments in Europe (MiFID), from the equity to the bond market is currently being
discussed. This poses risks to the status quo through trading fragmentation and strong negotiating power of a few large dealers,
particularly with respect to small retail investors. The main conclusion of the paper is that if MiFID transparency rules
are to be extended to the bond market, this must be “real” transparency, meaning pre-trade dissemination of real-time executable
prices and a transparent order book. Under current provisions, this kind of information is available if not directly to everybody,
at least directly to dealers and indirectly to professional and retail clients through business-to-business electronic platforms. 相似文献
902.
Dr. phil. Christoph J. Schmidt-Lellek 《Organisationsberatung, Supervision, Coaching》2007,14(1):29-40
The author picks up a model of the philosopher Martin Seel on the ?four dimensions of activity“ in human life, and he develops a pragmatic concept of work-life-balance. These dimensions are: (1) Work as purposeful activity, (2) interaction as dealing with a human other, (3) play as activity which has the purpose in itself, (3) contemplation as non-dialogical interaction with an object. After some considerations on the postmodern working culture and on the concept of work-life-balance, these dimensions are delineated in detail and explained in their relatedness. Successful life requires that all dimensions are available. A questionnaire may help a coachee to reconsider and eventually to modify his life style. 相似文献
903.
Nowadays, it is popular that the dealer makes profits by selling a kind of discount coupons, which can be used as money to
purchase commodities with total cost less than or equal to the face value of the coupon. We can purchase a coupon at a price
of 0<s≤1 times its face value and the number of potential purchasable coupons is a given integer l. The customer has the option to buy the goods by cash completely or by a discount coupon. However, each piece of goods can
only use one coupon and the coupon used must have enough balance for the goods. The objective is to minimize the total cost
for purchasing all the goods. In this paper, we reduce the problem to a special bin packing model. We consider the online
problems for all 0<s≤1 and 1≤l≤∞. We present optimal online algorithms for all 0<s≤1 when l=∞ and l=1. For 2≤l<∞, we give both a lower bound and an algorithm, and show the algorithm is optimal for l=2.
A preliminary version of this paper appeared in the proceedings of the 1st International Symposium on Combinatorics, Algorithms,
Probabilistic and Experimental Methodologies, Lecture Notes in Computer Science.
Y. Jiang supported by Natural Science Foundation of Zhejiang Province (Y605316).
Z. Tan supported by Natural Science Foundation of China (10671177, 60021201). 相似文献
904.
We propose a method for estimating indicators of the success of local authorities at integrating immigrants in the labour-market.
The proportion of time in employment of individuals is used to measure labour-market integration, and we correct for differences
in characteristics of immigrants and local labour markets using a two-limit Tobit model. This method is applied to a large
administrative micro dataset which contains information on all immigrants in Denmark. We compare the estimated indicators
of integration to corresponding uncorrected measures, and conclude that the corrections have a significant effect on the ranking
of local authorities. 相似文献
905.
Jobst-Hendrik Schultz Jochen Schönemann Heike Lauber Christoph Nikendei Wolfgang Herzog Jana Jünger 《Gruppendynamik und Organisationsberatung》2007,38(1):7-23
Communication skills are of central importance within daily medical life providing effective treatment. In the modern high-tech field of medicine, trustful conversations play a prominent role. In order to help students of the Heidelberg Medical Faculty to be ready for their highly responsible role as communication partner, training is carried out in the framework of HeiCuMed (short for Heidelberger Curriculum Medicinale) using specially trained simulation patients. The communication and interaction training program (referred to as Medi-KIT) enables to practice conducting conversations with challenging communication partners and grave conversational content in difficult situations. Feedback from the standardized patients, as well as from peers and tutors represents a central didactic element.In order to secure knowledge transfer into daily clinic life and as well to build a relation to cognitive knowledge transfer, all medical students are assigned, alongside Medi-KIT lessons, to a ward, and training units are coordinated in terms of content to correspond with symptom-oriented lectures and parallel POL-groups (problem-oriented learning groups). In addition, communication learning objectives are examined at the end of the semester in the form of a clinical practical exam (OSCE: Objective Structured Clinical Examination) and at patient’s bedside (Mini-CEX: Mini Clinical Examination). The goal in imparting communication skills within medical education is that the longitudinal communication curriculum be maintained and continued in subsequent medical specialization studies. 相似文献
906.
907.
Britta G. Bierwagen 《Urban Ecosystems》2007,10(1):29-42
Human activities affect both the amount and configuration of habitat. These changes have important ecological implications
that can be measured as changes in landscape connectivity. I investigated how urbanization interacts with the initial amount
and aggregation of habitat to change dispersal potential, restoration potential, and the risk of spatially extensive disturbances.
I used a factorial set of simulated landscapes and subjected each landscape to habitat loss by overlaying 66 different US
urban areas. I used a common connectivity metric, CONNECT, to assess the magnitude and direction of changes for a range of
dispersal distances. My results show that the relationship between habitat loss and connectivity loss is non-linear and subject
to interactions between the spatial patterns of habitat distribution, urban morphology, and dispersal capabilities. The implications
of a given urban form vary widely as a function of habitat distribution and dispersal capabilities. This implies that impact
assessments, restoration activities, and conservation planning should consider historical habitat distribution when evaluating
observed changes in connectivity. While my results clearly show that more aggregated or continuous habitats are more vulnerable
to connectivity loss, this approach can also be used to identify landscapes where restoring connectivity will be particularly
effective, for example through placement of stepping stone habitats. 相似文献
908.
Differences in Delaying Motherhood Across European Countries: Empirical Evidence from the ECHP 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Motherhood postponement and fertility decline have been observed in almost all developed countries. In this article, we aim
to assess some of the potential determinants of first childbirth timing in Europe, in a comparative perspective, using data
from the European Community Household Panel Survey (ECHP). We estimate, separately by country, hazard rates for the timing
at first childbirth conditioning to education and work characteristics. Moreover, in order to explain differences between
European countries, we decompose the differences between rates in the part due to the national population composition by specific
characteristics and the part due to different propensities for women with given characteristics. 相似文献
909.
The Extended Metropolitan Area in a New EU Member State: Implications for a Rural Development Approach 总被引:1,自引:1,他引:0
M. Bruna Zolin 《Transition Studies Review》2007,14(3):565-573
I examine the role of rural development strategies in a new member state (Romania) of the European Union and, in particular,
analyse the case of the metropolitan area of the Bucharest-Ilfov region. The analysis concerns the selected strategies for
rural development in the programming period 2007–2013. It must be noted that Romania is divided into nonadministrative development
regions and that the process of land privatisation is not yet concluded. These factors could have a negative influence on
the implementation of the interventions. The analysed region is situated in the Southern part of the country and in the central
part of the Romanian Plan. The total surface is about 1.8 square kilometres, of which 12.5% are occupied by the town of Bucharest
and 87.5% by Ilfov County; however, approximately 88% of the population is concentrated in the urban center and only 12% in
Ilfov County. The case study is characterised on the one hand by a high growth rate of the gross domestic product, a relatively
low unemployment rate, and increasing consumer good sales (mainly food and beverages); on the other, by some marked disparities
in macroeconomic indicators among regions and between rural and urban areas and an enormous lack of infrastructures. The case
study thus calls for a local approach in order to identify the strategies required to improve the quality of life of the regional
inhabitants (both in rural and urban areas) and to prevent pressure from the urban centre from compromising the rich rural
heritage
相似文献
910.
American ecologists recently began to address the ecology of cities. Concurrently, higher education institutions have developed sustainability education programs and instituted sustainability policies and projects. This paper draws together these two disparate areas by examining the nitrogen (N) budget of the Twin Cities campus of the University of Minnesota. We addressed the question: what were the annual inputs, outputs and internal cycles of N on the University of Minnesota Twin Cities campus? We found that 508 Mg N yr-1 were brought into the campus and 494 Mg N yr-1 were emitted from the University of Minnesota campus. The largest N inputs were abiotic fixation (conversion of N2 to NOx by combustion) and food for humans and animals. The largest N output was NOx, followed by wastewater. Our results expand the understanding of the ecology of institutions within an urban area and provide an opportunity for improving urban ecology education and environmental policy at educational institutions. 相似文献