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121.
Christopher D. Ives Grant C. Hose David A. Nipperess Mark Patrick Taylor 《Urban Ecosystems》2011,14(1):1-16
Protecting riparian corridors is a commonly applied environmental policy in urban landscapes. However, empirical data demonstrating
their efficacy for biodiversity conservation outcomes is scarce. In this study we investigated whether riparian corridor width
influences the diversity and community structure of ant (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) and vascular plant assemblages therein.
Eighteen corridors of differing widths were selected from within the Ku-ring-gai Local Government Area, Sydney Australia.
Ants were sampled using pitfall traps positioned within rectangular vegetation transects (30 × 10 m). Both ant and plant species
richness, when standardised for sampling effort, were unrelated to riparian corridor width. However, significant compositional
differences between sites were evident with increased width up to ~50 m. Narrow corridors contained greater abundances of
opportunistic ant species and higher proportions of exotic plants. We interpret this to be the result of the greater disturbance/edge
influence derived from adjacent upland urban environments. Site beta diversity did not increase with corridor width, suggesting
that the exclusion of novel upslope habitats in narrow riparian corridors is not a significant cause of community assemblage
modification at these sites. To minimise the impact of deleterious edge effects on ant fauna, environmental managers should
seek to retain riparian corridors wider than ~50 m. However, we observed substantial between-site variability of biotic assemblages,
irrespective of corridor width. Therefore we recommend that environmental management practice needs to take a catchment-wide
approach and consider other parameters that may contribute to riparian health so as to optimise the protection of riparian
biodiversity. 相似文献
122.
Christopher Field 《Revue canadienne de statistique》1985,13(3):201-210
The approach to normality of an estimate is displayed graphically by the nonlinearity in the derivative of the log density, and this nonlinearity is related to the accuracy of the normal approximation for the tail area. Using techniques from small-sample asymptotics, an alternate proof of the central limit theorem is given and same indices of tail behavior are examined. 相似文献
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125.
Religion and social control have been a sociological concern since Durkheim and Weber, and the relationship between religion and punishment has long been the subject of speculation. However, surprisingly little empirical research exists on the role of religion or religious context in criminal justice, and almost no research on the role of religious context on actual sentencing practices. We conceptualize the potential relationships between religious context and sentencing severity by drawing from the focal concerns and court community perspectives in the sentencing literature and from the moral communities theory developed by Rodney Stark. We suspect that Christian moral communities might shape notions of perceived blameworthiness for court community actors. Such moral communities might also affect notions of community protection—affecting perceptions of dangerousness, or perhaps rehabilitation, and might influence practical constraints/consequences (e.g., local political ramifications of harsh or lenient sentences). We examine these questions with a set of hierarchical models using sentencing data from Pennsylvania county courts and data on the religious composition of Pennsylvania counties from the Associated Religion Data Archives. We find that county Christian religious homogeneity increases the likelihood of incarceration. In addition, Christian homogeneity, as well as the prevalence of civically engaged denominations in a county condition the effects of important legally relevant determinants of incarceration. Furthermore, we find evidence that Christian homogeneity activates the effect of local Republican electoral dominance on incarceration. We argue that Christian homogeneity affects sentencing practices primarily through local political processes that shape the election of judges and prosecutors. 相似文献
126.
Christopher Newell 《Disability & Society》1997,12(5):803-810
Setting the Scene This is the story of research identified by powerful institutional players and a non-disabled researcher as being ethical and non-discriminatory, but held by research subjects with disability to be disrespectful, discriminatory and unethical. It shows the imbalance of power, and limitations of existing Australian provisions in the regulation of research, privacy and anti-discrimination. It also attests to the discursive shaping of notions of justice and ethics by institutional players to suit institutional and corporate ends. This is a true story where only the names of all players have been changed. The author has received consent from the Australian organisation of people with disability to publish this, as they are concerned to articulate some of the issues. Hence, the names are changed, but all other details of this saga remain the same. The account begins in September 1994 and concludes in February 1996. Our assembled cast is a researcher, the State Department of Sport and Recreation, the University of Noname and the organisation 'Humans with Disabilities Inc.' (HWD). 相似文献
127.
Christopher Daddis 《Journal of research on adolescence》2008,18(1):75-98
Perceptions of close friends' influence on the construction of boundaries between legitimate parental and personal authority were assessed using a semistructured interview with 183 early (M=11.82 years) and middle (M=15.72 years) adolescents. Participants described sources relevant to the construction of authority beliefs, processes of friend influence, and justifications for influence and noninfluence. Personal, conventional, prudential, and multifaceted issues were assessed. Friends were most salient sources in the construction of boundaries about personal and multifaceted issues and were more salient for middle than for early adolescents. Parental influence was most significant over conventional and prudential issues. Friend influence was primarily attributed to indirect processes, as adolescents used friends as metrics demonstrating age‐appropriate levels of freedom. Adolescents endorsed moral reasoning when they justified monitoring friends' jurisdictional bounds. 相似文献
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129.
In this article, the 2002 Australian debate regarding embryonic stem cells is examined. This shows the importance of an analysis of the media to understanding how disability is constructed in discourses of nationhood and biotechnology. Media representation of disability—for instance, signifying disability as catastrophe—is seen as crucial in securing access to a variety of biotechnologies, such as embryonic stem cells. Analysis of such media moments shows a structure of privileged and excluded voices in debates regarding disability and biotechnology. The diversity of voices in the Australian community regarding disability is not represented in a range of media, nor are people with disability quoted as experts on disability. A recognition of the media's construction of disability must be matched by a commitment to disability as part of a truly civil society. It is only in this way that we will have biotechnologies, and diverse cultural and media representations that meet the requirements of the international disability rights movement motto of 'nothing about us without us', recently emphasized in the Disabled Peoples' International Europe's 2000 statement on biotechnology. 相似文献
130.
Stockholder and stakeholder perspectives have been positioned in the literature as being in tension, and thus a potential source of innovation and change. However, researchers have overlooked a systematic examination of this presumption in theory and in practice. This study explores the ways that stockholder and stakeholder assumptions are presented by theorists and compares these with expressions of stockholder and stakeholder perspectives used by firms in practice. We argue that theoretical entrenchment dichotomizing these perspectives has disrupted the ability of researchers to leverage this tension. While scholarship remains trapped in a vicious cycle, we also argue that firms in practice express only the acceptance dimension of a virtuous cycle. Our empirical research demonstrates that firms accept and accommodate the paradoxical tension between managing for stockholders versus balancing the interests of stakeholders. This is evidenced by strategies we identify as book‐ending, cadence, continuous and simultaneous co‐mingling, and hybridization. We find that in practice these tensions are more integrated whereas in theory they are treated as more distinct and, often, in conflict. We suggest ways in which both scholarship and practice can better leverage tension as paradoxical opportunity. 相似文献