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271.
Claire L. Jackson 《Smith College studies in social work》2013,83(2):127-144
Abstract Constructivism, a view that we cannot know reality apart from our constructions of it, along with social constructionism, a belief that knowledge is socially, historically, and culturally situated, form the basis of a new approach to clinical practice. In the explication of this perspective, assessment is defined as a collaborative inquiry. Multiple theoretical perspectives are used as viable alternative explanations, with no single perspective privileged. In treatment, clients’ narratives are emphasized and meaning is co‐constructed. The therapeutic relationship is construed as reciprocal, with more attention given to the client's perceptions. Values have a central role in treatment. 相似文献
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Mental Retardation: Impairment or Handicap? 总被引:1,自引:1,他引:0
Lindsay St Claire 《Disability & Society》1986,1(3):233-243
A social psychological approach to mental retardation is outlined in which (1) mental retardation is seen as a social construct rather than a within-individual pathology and (2) the meaning of the construct is related to social interests and purposes. Hence, between group differences in beliefs about retardates are seen as the expression of different group norms, i.e. a social psychological phenomenon rather than an aggregate of individual differences. Empirical support for the approach is provided by contrasting lay people's and psychologists' beliefs about 'retardates', most strikingly in the form of a differential effect of personal contact, which as predicted, 'improves' lay evaluation, but leaves psychologists' beliefs unchanged. 相似文献
274.
The Exact Formula for Tumor Incidence in the Two-Stage Model 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
An exact formula for the tumor incidence rate in the usual two-stage model of carcinogenesis is presented. This formula is simple and easily implemented on calculators and computers. 相似文献
275.
This article critically analyses the debates which have unfolded in the aftermath of the Scottish independence referendum of 18 September 2014 concerning the constitutional arrangements of the UK as a plurinational state and the internal governmental structure of England. The debates unfolding in the UK reflect and illustrate two central themes in planning, territorial development and public policy. First, they highlight the contested distribution of power across multiple layers of government in states with an inherited centralized pattern of governance that are now facing strengthening regionalist and nationalist claims. Second, they illustrate the linked growth in the demand for new governance and strategic planning arrangements in large metropolitan areas with fragmented administrative and institutional boundaries. The article first discusses what the outcome of the Scottish referendum (and its aftermath) means for planning in Scotland. It then turns to the debates on devolution in the rest of UK which were stoked in the wake of the referendum, looking at the planning implications of further devolution in Northern Ireland and Wales, and at the possible consequences of the various options currently being aired to solve the ‘English question’. Finally, ongoing debates on decentralization to regions and city-regions in England are briefly considered. 相似文献
276.
In everyday conversation, the term 'career' is generally understood to refer to the sequence of work-related experiences one has over the course of one's working lifetime. For many people, a career is distinct from a job, since it also conjures up images of steady, even logical, progression up organizational hierarchies. It is not simply about what one does for a living, but about what one has done, does now and might do in the future; the notion of career therefore embraces the dimension of time. In light of widespread organizational restructuring and economic uncertainty since the late 1980s, many of the taken-for-granted assumptions which have underpinned traditional notions of career, and in particular the organizational career, no longer seem valid. Both individuals and organizations are finding it increasingly difficult to conceptualize the idea of a logical, long-term sequence of work-related experiences; there is thus no longer a clear and mutual understanding of what the career means to both. This paper argues that individuals and organizations can meaningfully redefine the notion of career by reconsidering its broader, theoretical underpinnings. 相似文献
277.
While clinical studies have established a link between aggression and ecstasy (3,4-methylenedioxymeth-amphetamine [MDMA]), no research has attempted to explore how this link manifests itself in behavioral outcomes. In this research we examine the effects of ecstasy on aggressive and violent behavior in a sample of active users. Data were collected from 260 ecstasy users in Atlanta, Georgia. Data analysis included ordered logit regression to examine the likelihood of engaging in aggressive behavior, controlling for key predictors of aggression independent of ecstasy use. Our results indicate that those with a higher prevalence of lifetime ecstasy use exhibit higher levels of aggressive and violent behavior. However, the effect of lifetime ecstasy use differs by levels of low self-control as a measure of propensity for aggression. Those who exhibit low self-control are more affected by ecstasy use than those who do not in terms of aggression. Our findings add an important dimension to our current knowledge about the relationship between aggression and ecstasy. 相似文献
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James P. Gleeson Julia M. Wesley† Raquel Ellis‡ Claire Seryak† Gwen Walls Talley§ Jackie Robinson¶ 《Child & Family Social Work》2009,14(3):300-310
Interviews with 207 informal kinship caregivers describe a dynamic process that influences how children come to live with a relative other than their parent. This process involves three overlapping and often simultaneously occurring factors: (1) the reasons the children's parents were unable to care for them; (2) the caregiver's motivation for assuming responsibility for the child; and (3) the pathways or routes that children took to the caregiver's home. Understanding these factors and their mutual and simultaneous influence is important as we shape policies, programs and interventions to support families as they consider whether to care for a relative's child and once they assume this responsibility. 相似文献