A Review of: “Crossing Sexual Boundaries: Transgender Journeys,Uncharted Paths. Edited by J. Ari Kane-DeMaios & Vern L. Bullough.”

THE SEXUAL VICTIMIZATION OF CHILDREN. Mary de Young. Jefferson, NC: McFarland &; Company, 1982; 179 pages; $18.95.

“FEMININITY,” “MASCULINITY,” AND “ANDROGYNY” A Modern Philosophical Discussion. Mary Vetterling‐Braggin (Ed.). Totowa, NJ: Littlefield, Adams, &; Co., 1982; 326 pages; $8.95.

IMPOTENCE: Physiological, Psychological, Surgical Diagnosis and Treatment. Gorm Wagner and Richard Green. New York: Plenum Press, 1981; 182 pages; $24.50.

Bullough, V. L. Age at Menarche: A Misunderstanding. Science 1981, 213, 365–366.     

关于中国古代都市文明的形成

金属器、文字、礼仪性建筑物以及从大型环状壕沟聚落发展到城郭都市的真正出现,才能作为中国古代都市文明形成的重要标志.所以说,其形成的上限年代并不是相当于夏代的二里头文化,而应是河南安阳殷墟文化的晚期.     

Updating Parameters of the Chicken Processing Line Model

A mathematical model of chicken processing that quantitatively describes the transmission of Campylobacter on chicken carcasses from slaughter to chicken meat product has been developed in Nauta et al. (2005). This model was quantified with expert judgment. Recent availability of data allows updating parameters of the model to better describe processes observed in slaughterhouses. We propose Bayesian updating as a suitable technique to update expert judgment with microbiological data. Berrang and Dickens's data are used to demonstrate performance of this method in updating parameters of the chicken processing line model.     

纪念苏丹商人穆罕默德·哈吉在华首设商务处

中国与阿拉伯非洲的历史交往源远流长,特别是与苏丹的联系,可以追溯到西汉时期,而且从那时起双方之间的往来一直延续不断。本文在历史回顾的基础上,通过实地调查和口传资料,着重考察了19世纪末苏丹商人穆罕默德·哈吉在广州首设商务办事处并开展苏(丹)中(国)贸易、加强双方社会联系的历史活动,揭示了苏中悠久关系史上鲜为人知的一页。     

Assessing small community groups

Many community groups in the UK do micro-project work to help families and young people in low-income neighbourhoods. This paper establishes a common set of criteria for assessing the effectiveness of small community groups and uses these as basis for developing an evaluation tool for community groups and those working with them. It draws on the literature to identify those factors that are seen to be important to the functioning of community groups, where necessary adapting these to smaller groups. These criteria are then ‘tested’ on a small number of community groups across the UK, using a participative approach and questionnaire to explore these issues with each group. Our framework appears to capture all the key aspects of the groups we visited, although some of the assessment criteria need to be interpreted carefully, helping to refine our own understanding of what makes a good community group. This approach is a useful way for community groups to identify their own strengths and weaknesses and, if developed further, has potential applications in the evaluation of capacity-building schemes.