Transient animals in a resident population of snow geese: local emigration or heterogeneity?

The estimation of survival rates from analysis of recapture of individually marked animals assumes that all individuals are equally likely to be re-encountered. This assumption is frequently violated in natural populations due to movements to and from the sampling area. We evaluated potential sources of heterogeneity using data from recaptures of 36000 individually marked female lesser snow geese, Anser c. caerulescens , from an expanding population in northern Manitoba, Canada. By stratifying individuals according to marking age and origin (hatched at the colony or not), we assessed the degree to which variation in apparent survival reflected permanent or temporary differences in emigration and effects of handling. In general, for birds ringed as adults, estimated apparent survival rates were significantly lower during the first year after ringing than in subsequent years. By comparing birds ringed as adults (classified by origin) with those ringed as goslings, we were able to demonstrate that these differences are not due to permanent emigration from the colony by transient individuals or heterogeneity of individual capture probability, but more likely reflect differences among individuals in their response to initial marking. Approximately 25% of birds permanently emigrate from the sampling area following marking.     

霍桑的小说创作与罗曼司体裁观念

霍桑与“罗曼司”体裁观念的研究具体体现在两个方面 :首先 ,霍桑罗曼司与其文学再现模式、与美国 19世纪中叶的国家政治策略、与美国 19世纪中叶的通俗文学市场的关系问题 ,其次 ,霍桑的文学再现模式与当时主流意识形态、文学市场的深层次关系问题。     

国际分工、技术溢出与我国经济安全

随着经济全球化的进展 ,以跨国公司为主导的依据价值链而进行的一场国际分工 ,给中国经济带来了一定的机遇 ,中国正成为“世界代工厂” ,而技术溢出也为我国高新技术产业提供了部分学习机会 ,但也将影响我国的经济安全 ,要求必须采取合适的措施应对。     

The connections between disability and child abuse: A review of the research evidence

Two possible connections between disability and abuse are explored: that disability can be the outcome of abuse, and that children with disabilities are differentially vulnerable to abuse. Evidence supporting both propositions is presented and assessed. Major problems in research and research methods are highlighted: the differing definitions of disability and abuse, the reliance on data drawn from clinical samples and case files, and failure to develop innovative methods which would enable direct participation of children and adults with a range of disabilities. The paper concludes that our current knowledge base is inadequate to either distinguish between the two connections or provide clear guidance on a range of concerns within the child protection field.     

伦理知识的起源

《伦理知识的起源》是近代西方最伟大的哲学家、价值哲学奥德学派的创始人、现象学以及存在主义的鼻祖布伦塔诺最具有代表性的著作。继亚里斯多德、康德之后 ,布伦塔诺在这部伟大的著作中不仅建构了一种打通哲学与宗教的价值体系 ,更为核心的是布伦塔诺从实践第一的观念出发为人类文化和哲学提供了一种崭新而全面的价值方法 ,在二十一世纪的今天 ,布伦塔诺的哲学将越来越成为人类哲学的一个永不枯竭的源泉。     

Geographical Distances Between Separated Parents: A Longitudinal Analysis

Using detailed geocoded microdata from the British Household Panel Survey and longitudinal random-effects models, we analyse the determinants and trajectories of geographical distances between separated parents. Findings of particular note include the following: (1) post-separation linked lives, proximities and spatial constraints are characterised by important gender asymmetries; (2) the formation of new post-separation family ties (i.e. new partners and children) by fathers is linked to moves over longer distances away from the ex-partner than for mothers; (3) the distribution of pre-separation childcare responsibilities is relevant for determining post-separation proximity between parents; and (4) most variation in the distance between ex-partners occurs in the immediate period following separation (approximately the first year), suggesting that the initial conditions around separation can have long-lasting implications for the types of family life, ties and contact experienced in the years after separation.