Temporally stable and distinct fish assemblages between stream and earthen stormwater drain reaches in an urban watershed

Streams and rivers have essential roles in landscape connectivity; however, urban watersheds are frequently modified to drain stormwater from urban areas. To determine whether an earthen stormwater drain in an urban landscape provides fish habitat temporally, we compared the fish assemblage among three reaches of a contiguous urbanized watershed in Kanata, Ontario, Canada. Watts Creek is connected to an earthen municipal surface stormwater drain (herein Kizell Drain), before discharging into the Ottawa River. We delineated transects in three reaches of the system, in Watts, in the Drain, and below their confluence (Main) and assessed the fish community using single-pass electrofishing repeated across eight months covering all seasons. Fish community composition was compared among reaches using non-metric multidimensional scaling (NMDS) and permutated multivariate analyses of variance (perMANOVA). Sign association tests identified indicator species driving assemblage patterns among reaches. Redundancy analysis (RDA) was used to assess the influence of physical characteristics of the transects on fish assemblage structure. Finally, fish assemblage measures were separated by month and temporal comparisons of fish assemblage were performed with NMDS and perMANOVA. Over the year, fish assemblages were distinct among the three reaches, and appear to be significantly influenced by temperature, undercut banks, and riparian vegetation type. Biotic homogenization in the Drain can be attributed to degraded physical features associated with channel modification in stormwater drains. Despite management and jurisdictional differences between streams and stormwater drains, evidence that earthen stormwater drains can maintain fish assemblages temporally demonstrates their biological potential and need to be considered as interconnected fish habitat elements within the overall watershed.     

道教符号刍议

道教思想的解读存在诸多困难。其主要原因在于中国传统思维往往通过符号象征来表达思想理念 ,而道教在这个问题上尤其突出。因此 ,必须从符号学的角度对道教思想体系进行新的探讨。道教符号不仅具有自身的完整性 ,而且有其内在结构和组码原则 ;道教符号系统包含着许多子系统 ,其间存在着互相转换的关系 ,通过对这种关系的解剖 ,我们可以进一步认知其语言通讯功能     

Advocacy in Practice: The Troubled Position of Advocates in Adult Services

This paper is a review, and critical appraisal, of the theoryand practice of advocacy. Advocacy is not social work, but itsprinciples and values resonate closely to those espoused bythe British Association of Social Workers (BASW, 2002). In thispaper, we interrogate the assumption that advocacy is necessarilyalways a positive and enabling experience. Indeed, we suggestthat the use of advocacy can be contested from the point ofthe view of the service user (the advocacy partner¹), the advocateand from professionals working with advocates (or positioningthemselves as advocates). Drawing on recent research that evaluated advocacy servicesin Nottinghamshire, we discuss some of the key tensions. Inparticular, we consider the reality of the advocate’srole, including where it relates to and differs from socialwork, and the issue of whether advocacy can be part of whata social worker does anyway. We also review, briefly, the dilemmasarising from professionals acting as advocates, especially inrelation to being independent of services.     

黑水死城（上）

1908年俄国著名的探险旅行家П·К·科兹洛夫在中亚考察时发现了神秘的西夏黑水死城(哈拉浩特,也叫亦集乃),并发掘出大量非常珍贵的西夏文献和文物。他第二次(1909年)和第三次(1926年)中亚考察时又先后在此发掘出很多的文献和文物。学者们根据黑水城出土的文献资料揭开了西夏文字的秘密。这些出土的文献、文物向我们讲述了这个曾经位于东西方重要的商贸交通要道———丝绸之路上的西夏王国的历史、文化、宗教和艺术。该文完成于1968年,多年来一直受到我国西夏学专家的关注。     

'Tinged with Bitterness': re-presenting stress in family care

The provision of care within families, and specifically the difficulties within such relationships, has become the focus of much research, legislation and debate in recent years. This paper explores carers' and carees'[1] talk about 'stress', home-based care, and comments on how such talk is reflected in UK social policy. Carers' and carees' accounts are presented to theorise the construction of difficulties in the present relationship--focusing in particular on the taking up of or resistance to roles and responsibilities within the family. The way in which competing discourses and discursive strategies are deployed to achieve certain effects within the family, social services and other support agencies is also explored. Family care is re-presented with a focus on language, and a reflection on how such relationships can become tinged with bitterness.     

The way we were in 1983; Le Tour de Moonee Ponds Family Health Centre (by Appointment to the Queen)

In this paper, originally presented at the Sydney Family Therapy Conference in 1983, the author satirised the state of family therapy in Australia at the time, with its awe of overseas gurus, and in so doing mirrored some of our distinctive contributions to world culture. In her epilogue, the author briefly describes subsequent life events which have made her, twenty years later, a very different person, and a very different therapist as well.     

北美的妇女学研究

这是一篇对于北美妇女学专业总体特征的概述。妇女学专业发源于60年代末的女权主义运动并在北美的大多数大学中得到发展,目前已达到上百个。除了具有传统的高教专业的特点之外,这些多学科交叉性的专业以其勇于揭示和论证妇女在各个知识领域以及社会实践中的贡献,置疑既定的知识体系,呼吁女性的平等权力和改善妇女的社会地位而独具特点。赋予这些专业以生命活力的种种思考反映着女权运动的各种倾向。寻求性别平等、视性别为具有不同利益的社会阶层、强调性别之间的差别,根据这种差异性,女性拥有其独特的文化,它的融入将促进社会中人际关系的改善。     

Operationalizing a QLR project on social change and whiteness in South Africa, 1770s–1970s

The Whites Writing Whiteness project is concerned with changes to the racial order in South Africa over a long time-period and connects ‘big numbers’ and work on very large archive collections with close textual analysis of particular documents. It uses longitudinal data within a Qualitative Longitudinal Research methodological approach, combining formal analysis with a sampling process. In operationalizing this, letters from the Findlay Family collection with thousands of documents, a group of around 190 letters by Elizabeth Price, and a small set of Gottlob Schreiner’s letters, are discussed. In doing so, useful conceptual and methodological tools for analysing other large longitudinal datasets are provided.