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41.
Alan J. Banks 《Sociological spectrum》2013,33(2):131-141
Since the publication of The Structure of Scientific Revolutions, the writings of Thomas S. Kuhn have had a great impact on the way sociologists perceive developments within their discipline. This essay offers a critical review of the Kuhnian framework and questions the unreflective endorsement of this perspective. After a brief summary of the main points in Kuhn's approach, this paper argues that Kuhnian approaches preclude the possibility of an investigation of the historical relations and developments that mediate the production of scientific knowledge. Kuhn retains a reified view of science free from both sociohistorical influence and critical scholarship. Ideas still beget ideas, and knowledge gained through scientific investigation is still cumulative. 相似文献
42.
Glenn Banks Warwick Murray John Overton Regina Scheyvens 《Development policy review : the journal of the Overseas Development Institute》2012,30(2):169-186
New Zealand's aid policy has undergone a revolution under the National Party government elected in 2008. Prior to this, NZAID, a semi‐autonomous unit, had evolved to manage aid in line with internationally agreed principles. Under the new government, NZAID was reincorporated into the Ministry of Foreign Affairs and Trade, its focus was shifted from poverty reduction to economic growth, and its programme was aligned with foreign policy. This article aims to provide an overview of the shifts in New Zealand's aid policy over four decades, to explore the relationship between the global aid regime and national practice, and to analyse the influence of politics, and of key individuals, in setting the direction of aid policy. 相似文献
43.
We show that the Slater's set of a tournament, i.e. the set of the top elements of the closest orderings, is a subset of the top cycle of the uncovered set of the tournament. We also show that the covering relation is related to the hamiltonian bypaths of a strong tournament in that if x covers y, then there exists an hamiltonian bypath from x to y.We thank B. Monjardet and an anonymous editor for helpful suggestions. 相似文献
44.
There is much concern that today's unemployed youth, particularly those belonging to ethnic minorities, are in danger of withdrawing from the labour market. However, there have been few attempts to test this assumption or to examine the social-psychological processes which may be involved. The literature on attitude-behaviour relationships and on human motivation implies that attitudes towards job seeking, expectations of obtaining a job, and the value placed on employment may all predict job-seeking behaviour. This hypothesis was tested with a sample of 1,150 unemployed 17-year-olds obtained from 11 urban areas in England. The hypotheses that lower values of all three variables will be associated with longer spells of unemployment and with ethnic minority status were also tested. Results provided support for these hypotheses. Multiple regression analyses suggested that these three variables had a mediating role in the relationship between reports of job-seeking behaviour and both length of unemployment and ethnic minority status. 相似文献
45.
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47.
Jenny Onyx Bronwen Dalton Rose Melville John Casey Robin Banks 《The Australian journal of social issues》2008,43(4):631-648
This paper examines the effect of funding contracts on the capacity of third‐sector organizations to effectively advocate. The relationship is not simple or obvious, with some organizations reporting 'mature relationships' with particular (state) departments, and others reporting difficulty with state or federal government jurisdictions. The paper spells out the negative effects of conflating service funding and advocacy. The paper concludes by exploring alternative institutional arrangements for the resourcing of advocacy including the establishment of a Public Interest Fund administered independently of any government department, one not requiring specific service contracts but rather evidence that it is advocating for the broader public good. 相似文献
48.
49.
Daniela Cantone Concetta Paola Pelullo Mariagrazia Cancellieri Francesco Attena 《Women and birth : journal of the Australian College of Midwives》2017,30(2):e83-e88
Background
Among European Countries, Italy has the highest rate of cesarean section (36.8%), and in the Campania region this rate reaches 60.0%.Question
We conducted a retrospective cohort study to evaluate whether participation in antenatal classes during pregnancy reduces the rate of cesarean delivery in southern Italy.Methods
We selected three local health authorities, with the lowest, the highest, and an intermediate rate of cesarean delivery. The study included 1893 mothers who brought their children for vaccination and were interviewed about their participation in antenatal classes and their obstetric history.Findings
The main causes of cesarean section given in the interview were clinical indications (61.0%), previous cesarean section (31.0%) and woman's request (8.0%). When we excluded emergency cesarean delivery, we found a moderate association between participation in antenatal classes and cesarean section reduction (relative risk = 1.27; 95% CI = 1.08–1.49; in percentage values from 49.3% to 38.8%). Private hospitals and the two local health authorities with higher baseline rates of cesarean section showed an enhanced reduction of these rates.Conclusion
Our paper shows moderate efficacy of antenatal classes, which reduced the occurrence of cesarean section by about 10%. However, the cesarean section rate remained high. As it is possible that different classes have a different level of efficacy, a further study on a standardized model of an antenatal classes is in progress, to assess its efficacy in term of cesarean section reduction, with the purpose of its widespread implementation to the whole region. 相似文献50.
Rachel Robbins Concetta Banks Hugh McLaughlin Claire Bellamy Debbie Thackray 《Social Work Education》2016,35(2):131-143
Within a global profession with a stated definition that includes ‘promoting social change and development, social cohesion and the empowerment and liberation of people’ (online), it would be expected that the issue of domestic abuse would be integral to the training and role of all social workers. This article reports on research, which highlighted both a lack of understanding of the role of adult social worker within cases of domestic abuse and also a desire for further training around the issue. However, this article sets out how the current UK (in particular, English) context of social work marginalises the issue of domestic abuse within practice with adults. This marginalisation has been achieved through the construction of domestic abuse as a children and families issue and limited duties, powers and resources within statutory work to support victims/survivors in their own right, rather than as ‘failing’ parents. However, the article argues that the role of social work education should be wider than teaching to the current policy or procedures and instead encourage a wider appreciation of the social, historical and political context. The article concludes with tentative suggestions for how domestic abuse could be considered within the social work curriculum for adult practitioners. This is in acknowledgement that social workers can be well positioned for the detection, investigation and support of those experiencing abuse. 相似文献