Annual Review: Practice and Research in Career Counseling and Development, 1990

This review of the 1990 literature on career development and counseling emphasizes literature on career counseling approaches and interventions, and literature related to the general theme of “work within a life.” This theme addresses how work simultaneously expresses and influences how an individual functions as an integrated psychological being. The importance of the context of an individual's life is also emphasized throughout the review. Topics include race, sex, and multiple role issues, selected career choice issues and indecision, coping on the job, and job change and unemployment. Implications for career counseling are provided.     

“Paradigms lost”: Some thoughts on choosing methods in evaluation research

Patton agrees with us concerning the need for a catholic approach to method choices in evaluation. However, Patton criticizes us for setting up a straw man when we argued that quantitative and qualitative methods are not inevitably linked to different “paradigms” and that allegiance to a particular paradigm does not force the evaluator into a choice between mutually exclusive qualitative and quantitative methods. The first part of this article shows how some of the past literature creates the impression both of an inevitable method-paradigm linkage and of a forcedchoice between qualitative and quantitative paradigms. It is argued that such impressions could have pernicious consequences for evaluation practice by artificially restricting method choices. In the final section, we consider some of the difficulties of making method choices and suggest that the purposefully developed strengths of different methods should not be completely ignored.     

Capital budgeting and lagrangian relaxation: A case study

This paper presents a new approach to the classical multiyear capital budgeting problem. Three basic operational principles, arising out of an actual implementation of such a model, are specifically addressed in this approach. These principles are: (1) all budgets except that of the first year possess a degree of flexibility; (2) the user favours a series of near optimal solutions to a single optimal solution; and (3) an effective low cost procedure for dealing with large problems is required. Using the particular example of capital budgeting in the area of highway maintenance, an algorithm is developed and computational results for a variety of problem sizes are presented.     

Exchange and Power in Networks of Interorganizational Relations*

An extension of the exchange model for the analysis of interorganizational relations is developed, incorporating into the model recent developments in exchange theory. Organizational interactions are viewed as networks of exchange relation, and various forms of interorganizational activity such as merger and coalition or alliance formation are analyzed in relation to power and position in the network. Linkages between various types of exchange networks and what economists refer to as market structures are examined. Finally, previous criticisms of exchange formulations are reviewed, and directions for future theoretical and empirical work concerning networks of interorganizational relationships are discussed.     

Intent to receive an HPV vaccine among university men and women and implications for vaccine administration

OBJECTIVE AND PARTICIPANTS: In 2006, the authors examined intention to receive an HPV vaccine among 340 college students. METHODS: A total of 138 men and 202 women completed questionnaires. The authors measured intention by asking participants how likely they would be to accept an HPV vaccine that prevented against (1) all HPV, (2) cervical cancer but not genital warts, (3) genital warts but not cervical cancer, and (4) both genital warts and cervical cancer. RESULTS: Men and women reported high intent to receive an HPV vaccine, although women did so at a significantly higher rate (77.5% vs 88.6%, respectively; p < .01). Men were less willing to receive a vaccine that prevents cervical cancer alone than they were to receive one that prevents cervical cancer and genital warts (34.1% vs 77.5%, p < .001). Intent to receive the vaccine was significantly greater among participants who reported more than 5 sex partners and correctly answered 2 or 3 HPV knowledge questions. CONCLUSIONS: Interest varied according to sexual history, according to knowledge about HPV, and (in men) according to vaccine target.     

Notes on newspaper accounts of male elder abuse

Law enforcement press releases and other print-media miscellany detailing accounts of male elder abuse involving insurance fraud, false allegations by perpetrators, and abuse inflicted by caregivers, spawned interest in a more systematic review. That review was accomplished principally by accessing two search engines, with news articles from 1986 to the present. A review of these media accounts transformed the initial "insurance fraud" category into a broader one classified as "economic exploitation." That same review also resulted in three distinctive categories of caregiver abuse. This article provides abbreviated case accounts within each category, and concludes with brief notes on several themes derived from the reported accounts.     

Exercises for mental wellness. Couldn't we all benefit?

For most of us, our cognitive functioning could be improved in many ways. Many of us struggle with our thinking skills at times, especially during times of stress and information overload. Some of the research that supports the use of prescribed cognitive exercises to slow cognitive decline in older adults may ultimately prove to be beneficial for all of us. Mental health nurses should encourage regular daily mental workouts, along with aerobic physical exercises, for everyone, not just older adults. Personal fitness training should focus not only on physical fitness, but also on mental fitness.     

Research Note—A Pilot Cyber Counseling Course in a Graduate Social Work Program

Cyber counseling is a new and growing medium for offering mental health services to children and youth. However, there is a lack of identification of the core competencies required to provide effective online counseling. A school of social work, in partnership with a national service agency providing online counseling to children and youth, developed and offered a 13-week course to participating MSW social work students and agency staff. The development of online counseling competencies was assessed through individual interviews with participants and a content analysis of online posts. Participants scored well in areas of assessment and intervention. Challenges were identified in relationship building within an online environment.