Reactions to Morphological Deviance: A Comparison of Japanese and American Children and Adolescents

Fifth and eleventh graders in the United States (n = 175) and Japan (n = 257) were asked to describe and explain their reactions to obesity and facial disfigurement, both as a deviant member (one having these forms of morphological deviance) and as an interactant member (a normal child interacting with the deviant peer) of a group of 5 children. In the obesity scenario, the group was going shopping for clothes. In the facial disfigurement scenario, the group was having their photographs taken for the school yearbook. In both cultures for both scenarios, negative emotions predominated when students took the deviant role. As interactants, more Japanese than American respondents expressed positive and inclusive attitudes toward the deviant child. Developmental differences varied by culture. Most notable was the tendency of Japanese eleventh graders to become similar to their American counterparts in their decreasing willingness to participate with, include, and be influenced by their peers. Results are discussed in terms of Goffman's (1963) model of 'stigma' and the individualism-collectivism paradigm.     

Reproducibility of clinical data II: categorical outcomes

In this second part of this paper, reproducibility of discrete ordinal and nominal outcomes is addressed. The first part deals with continuous outcomes, concentrating on intraclass correlation (ρ) in the context of one‐way analysis of variance. For categorical data, the focus has generally not been on a meaningful population parameter such as ρ. However, intraclass correlation has been defined for discrete ordinal data, ρ_c, and for nominal data, κ_I. Therefore, a unified approach to reproducibility is proposed. The relevance of these parameters is outlined. Estimation and inferential procedures for ρ_c and κ_I are reviewed, together with worked examples. Topics related to reproducibility that are not addressed in either this or the previous paper are highlighted. Considerations for designing reproducibility studies and for interpreting their results are provided. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Effets de la sous‐qualification sur les besoins de récupération,la perte d'emploi et les désirs de préretraite: étude prospective sur une population d'employés de bureau en fin de carrière

À partir de données de l'étude de cohorte de Maastricht sur la fatigue au travail, relatives à la période 2012–2014, les auteurs examinent la fréquence et la dynamique de la sous‐qualification au sein d'un échantillon d'employés de bureau en fin de carrière, ainsi que ses effets sur les besoins de récupération, l'emploi et les projets de préretraite. Ils montrent que des déficits de compétences augmentent les besoins de récupération et le risque de perte d'emploi, mais pas le risque de retraite anticipée. Pour promouvoir l'emploi durable, ils recommandent de surveiller l'apparition de ces déficits tout au long du parcours professionnel.     

Youth perceptions of neighborhood hassles and resources: A mixed method analysis

Empirical investigations exploring the processes and mechanisms of neighborhood influences on child and youth development are needed to contribute to the growing body of research on neighborhood as a context for development. Using a mixed method design, this study examined the relationship between structurally identified resources in three urban public housing neighborhoods, youth perceptions and experiences of resources, and youth report of neighborhood hassles and cohesion. Survey data from 153 ethnically and culturally diverse youth between 6th and 8th grade were analyzed using regression analyses; constant comparative analysis was used to code interviews from a subsample of 22 youth. Results indicated an inverse relationship between the number of neighborhood resources and the level of daily hassles youth report. Analysis of mixed method results further highlights the importance of young people's perceptions of neighborhood influences.     

Self-efficacy in pathological gambling treatment outcome: development of a gambling abstinence self-efficacy scale (GASS)

A 21-item measure of gambling abstinence self-efficacy (GASS) was developed. A principal component analysis of 101 pathological gamblers supported the use of a total score that showed good internal (α=.93) and retest reliability (ICC (n=35)=.86) as well as four subscales: 1) winning/external situations (6 items, α=.91); 2) negative emotions (9 items, α=.87); 3) positive mood/testing/urges (3 items, α=.70); 4) social factors (3 items, α=.81). The total and subscales showed moderate relationships with single item ratings of confidence to abstain from gambling and weak or non-significance relationships with demographic and gambling-related variables. The total score and three of the subscales showed evidence of predictive validity for gamblers not currently involved with treatment. Higher self-efficacy was related to fewer days of gambling over a 12-month period. These results provide preliminary support for the reliability and validity of the GASS.     

Organisationsentwicklung im Öffentlichen Dienst

The situation of German universities is going to change due to the expected decreasing number of students. The universities develop a strategic orientation to compensate e.g. by focusing on research, international students or continuing education. The article describes the foundation of an institute for continuing education and its implications on internal structure.     

“I feel like her daughter not her mother”: Ethnographic trans-cultural perspective of the experiences of aging for a group of Southeast Asian refugees in the United States

ObjectiveThis study seeks to understand trans-cultural aging and stressors for aging refugees. It describes the experiences of Cambodian refugee women as they age in the United States.MethodExperiences of 16 Cambodian refugee women (ages 44–60), participants of a Cambodian community health center support group, were examined over a year.ResultsAnalysis revealed complex experiences of aging in the U.S. including these: (a) loss of role as respected elder, (b) fear of living separate from children, (c) feeling devalued by children, and (d) feeling self-blame for intergenerational cultural gap. The women described years of employment interrupted by the exacerbation of post-traumatic symptoms later in life preventing further employment.DiscussionAn ethnographic trans-cultural perspective of the experiences of aging for Southeast Asian refugees. Aging refugees face stressors even 20–30 years after resettlement. Findings show decrease in functioning as survivors of torture age. Recommendations for social service programs and providers are made.     

Predictors of Regional Well-Being: A County Level Analysis

The current study takes a novel approach to studying the correlates of subjective well-being. Unlike previous studies, which typically examine group-level well-being at the state or national level, we analyzed correlates of well-being at the county level within the United States. Using nationally representative data, we found that reliable variance in well-being exists across counties. Furthermore, this variance was associated with a number of objective factors, including income, population density, health and education. Continued study of these factors at the regional level may have important implications for developing community programs and public policy.     

温情派的居家情趣

剑桥公寓的设计经典而永恒,充满旧世界的浪漫迷人,以及美式的温馨舒适。独一无二的设计模糊了年代的界限,让家从本质上成为一个隽永的概念。