A sociolinguistic application of Bakhtin's authoritative and internally persuasive discourse

Through the use of two central Bakhtinian concepts, authoritative and internally persuasive discourse (word), this paper examines the tension between the ideology of linguistic hegemony as a source of power in the Greek public sphere and the condition of language shift faced by the Albanian‐speaking communities of modern Greece. I argue here that a cautious application of these two notions, which are relevant to linguistic ideology, can reveal crucial aspects of two processes: that of subordination to and that of questioning of the dominant linguistic ideology by local Albanian‐speaking communities. Thus, in language shift contexts, it is possible that no simple relations obtain that place social agents in unquestionable and easily predictable positions. Such an approach proves useful for the sociolinguistic study of threatened language communities.     

明代金湜、张珹出使朝鲜与《甲申皇华集》述论

天顺八年，金湜、张城作为正、副使赴朝鲜颁明宪宗登极诏。在朝鲜期间，他们充分发挥自己的才艺，与朝鲜文臣赓酬唱和，留下了许多诗文。朝鲜为了表示事大之诚，更为了显示本国的文雅之关，将这些诗文辑录刻印，即《甲中皇华集》。学界关于这一问题，尚未展开探讨，文章探讨了《甲中皇华集》的成因，内容方面的特色及双方唱和的竞争意识、使臣形象的差异问题，以求对研究中朝文学关系有所裨益。     

印蒂与浮士德:一对超越时空的精神孪生儿——论《无名书》与《浮士德》的精神联系

作为一名潜隐达半个世纪的中国现代作家,无名氏与歌德之间存在着难以掩盖的距离.然而,对比《无名书》中的印蒂与《浮士德》中的同名主人公,我们却能清晰地触摸到二者在对人生终极意义的追寻与探索上的深层的精神联系.     

No wonder social workers feel uncomfortable in court

The present article assesses the adversary systemper se and asks the question, Is there any place for courtroom antics and histrionics in cases involving children? Social workers are uncomfortable before the august body of thecourt, not because of any lack of education or knowledge on their part but because of the nature of the adversary process itself.     

Zusammenfassungen

Ohne Zusammenfassung German translations by Monika Lütke-Daldrup.     

A modified random-effect procedure for combining risk difference in sets of 2×2 tables from clinical trials

Summary Meta-analyses of sets of clinical trials often combine risk differences from several 2×2 tables according to a random-effects model. The DerSimonian-Laird random-effects procedure, widely used for estimating the populaton mean risk difference, weights the risk difference from each primary study inversely proportional to an estimate of its variance (the sum of the between-study variance and the conditional within-study variance). Because those weights are not independent of the risk differences, however, the procedure sometimes exhibits bias and unnatural behavior. The present paper proposes a modified weighting scheme that uses the unconditional within-study variance to avoid this source of bias. The modified procedure has variance closer to that available from weighting by ideal weights when such weights are known. We studied the modified procedure in extensive simulation experiments using situations whose parameters resemble those of actual studies in medical research. For comparison we also included two unbiased procedures, the unweighted mean and a sample-size-weighted mean; their relative variability depends on the extent of heterogeneity among the primary studies. An example illustrates the application of the procedures to actual data and the differences among the results. This research was supported by Grant HS 05936 from the Agency for Health Care Policy and Research to Harvard University.