Sensory hypnotherapy and regression during psychological stress

Conclusion The contemporary utilization of hypnotherapy takes into account a now recognized facility with which hypnotic states may be elucidated through the management of transference phenomena and that within the hypnotic relationship, direct as well as indirect intervention with basic response mechanisms in patient behavior is possible. The regressive nature of the hypnotic transference, when properly recognized, permits the incorporation of hypnosis into psychotherapy with a degree of directiveness and patient participation frequently characterized by increased feelings of self-mastery as the patient develops the ability to encounter heretofore difficult and dissonant aspects of the self.Hypnosis can make a significant contribution to the ability to intensify affect, the reorganization of ideational processes, and the integration of both cognitive functioning and emotional responsiveness in a manner consistent with general therapeutic objectives. Moreover, hypnotherapy is capable of integration within a variety of therapeutic approaches.     

Change and Stability in American Value Systems, 1968-1971

Employing the Rokeach Value Survey, the National Opinion ResearchCenter measured the values of an area probability sample ofadult Americans in 1968 and 1971. Most values remained stablebut certain values underwent significant change over this three-yearperiod. To determine whether the changes were manifested inall segments of American society or only in certain ones, thevalue rankings were further analyzed for Americans varying insex, race, income, education, and age.     

Child care: A mirror of human history

Child care in any period of history can be understood best as a reflection of society itself during that era. When children are treated cruelly or indifferently we are likely to find that people of all ages and most classes were treated similarly. When greater benevolence seems to be the order of the day children are more highly regarded and efforts are made to develop systems of care which are kinder and which will lead children more gently toward useful adulthood. The study of the development of child care in this country documents this assertion. From the Elizabethan Poor Law, transplanted to these shores by the earliest settlers, through efforts to save souls as well as bodies, to current disagreements about the relative efficacy of institutionalization and foster care we see the reflections of our society's view of itself. When saving money becomes more important than saving the distressed, services suffer. Only by becoming aware of this entanglement of child care with societal attitudes in general can those who work with children learn to exert that influence on developments in their field now largely in the hands of persons who have neither knowledge nor interest in the subject.     

Planning for changes in stages of corporate development

A considerable amount of research has demonstrated how companies evolve in terms of strategy and organizational design. The evolution of firms reflects the dynamic response of companies to their changing environment. It is logical that planning must also change in response to changes in overall corporate strategy. This dynamic aspect of planning requires a different approach than planning for the continuing growth of existing businesses based on a consistent strategic outlook. This difference is illustrated by reference to two components of planning: fixed and variable. These distinctions are used to demonstrate the dynamic aspect of planning and how planning can, and should, change to accomodate changes in management strategies.     

Revolution: Refining Its Defining

Definitions of revolution have strongly influenced theorization about it. We argue here that revolution is a highly variable phenomenon. Rigid definitions of revolution do not allow for theorizing which explains this variability. Revolution can occur to various degrees along various dimensions. These include the political, international, economic, cultural, ethnic, and gender dimensions. Revolutions do not necessarily affect all these dimensions equally. Revolutions that have led to great change along some of these dimensions have also led to little or no change along others. We further argue that an understanding of revolution requires an understanding of what maintains social order.     

The effect of compliance-improving interventions on the cognitive-behavioural treatment of pathological gambling

This exploratory study investigated the effect of interventions designed to improve compliance and reduce dropout rates during the outpatient treatment of pathological gambling at a University-based gambling treatment clinic. Forty subjects (29 males, 11 females, mean age = 37.6) meeting DSM-IV criteria (APA, 1994) for pathological gambling were randomly assigned to either a cognitive-behavioural treatment or a cognitive-behavioural treatment combined with interventions designed to improve treatment compliance. Compliance was indicated by the completion of all treatment sessions. Outcome measures were DSM-IV criteria assessed by structured clinical interview, South Oaks Gambling Screen scores, and percentage of income gambled. Logistic regression analyses identified pretreatment characteristics predicting compliance and outcome. Compliance-improving interventions significantly reduced dropout rates, resulting in superior outcomes at posttreatment compared to the cognitive behavioural treatment alone. At 9-month follow-up, there was no difference in outcome between treatments, although both produced clinically significant change. Comorbid problem drinking, drug use, and problem gambling duration predicted poor compliance. Poor outcome was predicted by comorbid problem drinking. The clinical implications of these results are discussed in light of the exploratory nature of the study and the need for future research to address compliance, outcome, and comorbidity issues.     

Toxic stress in children and youth: Exploring the role of community-based programming to support health and well-being in the United States

Children and youth exposed to toxic stress are at a greater risk for negative outcomes on health, well-being and occupational performance. Focus groups were conducted to gain understanding of the experiences and perspectives of youth at-risk who were currently receiving services from a community-based agency in a small city in the Western United States. Participants discussed acquiring life skills through agency programming including social skills and coping/self-regulation skills. Participants also reported a positive culture of the agency, expressing feelings of safety, trust and supportive relationships. Community-based programming may be in a pivotal position to provide services and supports that act as buffering protection against the effects of toxic stress.