明太祖禁止宦官干政“祖制”之考辨

明代是＂宦祸＂严重的一个朝代,然而在人们的观念里,明太祖却是＂严驭＂宦官的,并且制定了相应的＂祖宗之法＂,即禁止宦官干政的＂祖制＂。这一＂话语＂是由若干个＂事实＂支撑起来的,但所有这些证据,要么存在理解上的偏差,要么干脆是似是而非。明太祖的确有过不少严驭宦官的训诫,但所谓＂祖制＂,却无事实根据;事实上,正是明朝人为与宦官斗争的需要,自己创造了一个禁止宦官干政的祖宗之法。     

高校教学秘书队伍建设:应然与实然

教学秘书是高校教学管理队伍中的重要力量.本文在分析高校教学秘书队伍应然与实然状态的基础上,提出加强高校教学秘书队伍建设应从四个方面着手:转变观念是先导,重视教学秘书队伍建设;加强管理是基础,创新管理体制与模式;保障发展是核心,提供合理职业空间;自我完善是关键,提高个人职业能力.     

Shyness‐Sensitivity,Aggression, and Adjustment in Urban Chinese Adolescents at Different Historical Times

The market‐oriented economic reform in China over the past two decades has resulted in considerable changes in social attitudes regarding youth's behaviors. This study examined the relations of shyness and aggression to adjustment in Chinese adolescents at different historical times. Participants came from two cohorts (1994 and 2008) of adolescents in Shanghai (N = 540 and 728, respectively; M age = 13 years), and data were obtained from multiple sources. Although aggression was associated with adjustment problems in both cohorts, there were significant cross‐cohort differences in the relations between shyness and adjustment. In the 1994 cohort, shyness was positively associated with teacher‐rated competence, leadership, and academic achievement. In the 2008 cohort, however, shyness was negatively associated with peer preference and positively associated with loneliness.     

道德义务的现代诠释

过去人们一直将道德义务限于人类社会领域,但是当大量的环境问题出现的时候,迫使人们不得不重新对道德义务进行思考.在当前的时代背景下,道德义务不仅包含人类对自身的道德义务,还应该包含人类对自然的道德义务,以及两者之间的关系.     

1 The Fundamental Agency Problem and Its Mitigation

A central tenet of agency theory is that there is potential for mischief when the interests of owners and managers diverge. In those circumstances, and for a variety of reasons, managers may be able to exact higher rents than are reasonable or than the owners of the firm would otherwise accord them. While that foundational element of agency theory is secure, other elements derived directly from agency theory are far less settled. Indeed, even after some 75 years of conceptualization and empirical research, the three principal approaches that have long been proposed to mitigate the fundamental agency problem remain contentious. Accordingly, we provide a review of the fundamental agency problem and its mitigation through independence, equity, and the market for corporate control.     

煤油络合吸附脱芳的实验研究

针对传统脱芳方法存在能耗高、污染环境、脱芳效果差等问题，提出了一种络合吸附脱芳新工艺，通过采用AlCl₃－HCl络合剂，对高芳烃煤油进行脱芳研究。实验表明，在AlCl₃浓度为0.8mol/L、HCl气体浓度为1.05mol/L、络合吸附温度60℃及吸附时间25min的操作条件下，对煤油进行络合吸附脱芳，效果明显，精制煤油芳烃含量（质量分数）降到0.68%，脱芳率达到91.1%，完全满足无芳煤油质量要求；且络合物可进一步解络，回收芳烃。     

Predictors of self‐reported sexually transmitted diseases among homeless and runaway adolescents

Path analysis was used to investigate factors associated with self‐reported sexually transmitted diseases among 569 homeless and runaway adolescents in four Midwestern states. Youth were interviewed by outreach workers directly on the streets, in shelters, and in drop‐in centers. Results indicated that family abuse was positively related to substance use, affiliation with friends who sold sex, and time on own. Early family abuse indirectly increased the likelihood of self‐reported sexually transmitted diseases through time on own, substance use, friends selling sex, and risky sexual behaviors. Finally, substance use and affiliation with friends who sold sex was positively associated with risky sexual behaviors, which in turn was related to self‐reported sexually transmitted diseases. No significant gender interactions were found for this model.     

中国现当代诗歌赏读中的“三观”——张桃洲《语词的探险:中国新诗的文本与现实》的启示

本文以张桃洲先生的《语词的探险:中国新诗的文本与现实》一书为主要参照点,通过讨论该著对一些诗歌文本的解读,分析了中国现当代诗歌赏读中的三种视角或者说三个层面——韵律、形式、意境,并由此探讨了新诗在思维和构成方式上的独特性.     

基于模型检测的策略冲突检测方法

提出一种基于模型校验的策略冲突检测新方法。首先通过形式化描述语言进行系统建模,采用时态逻辑表征策略冲突的系统属性,然后利用NuSMV模型检测器验证属性的可满足性,并根据模型检测器产生的反例轨迹追溯策略冲突点。该方法可提高策略冲突检测的效率。     

马克思的分配观及其当代启示——重读《哥达纲领批判》

马克思从资本主义社会生产特征的现实出发,创建性地将共产主义社会划分为两个发展阶段,并以科学的态度设想了其分配形式,即初级阶段中消灭了剥削但并不平等的按劳动量的分配和生产力高度发达阶段下的“各尽所能,按需分配”.马克思在现实基础上客观分析了财富的产生过程,对资本主义剥削的基础是包含土地在内的生产资料进行了分析,对收入分配基于生产力发展的规律进行了科学论证.市场经济条件下,针对我国不断拉大的收入差距,政府要以马克思的分配观为指导,积极地调动创造财富的各种因素,提高劳动收入比例,有效保障社会弱势群体.