国有企业社会成本的演变——关于武汉J厂的个案调查

在国有企业的社会成本问题日益威胁到企业的生存时，无论从国家还是企业的角度，都开始在社会成本方面寻求某些突破。本文拟以武汉J厂为个案，从单位体制、企业制度的角度分析国有企业社会成本的演变。对于社会成本的分离必须区别对待，而且是一个长期的过程。     

陀思妥耶夫斯基:社会危机的预言家--陀思妥耶夫斯基的创作主题与现代派文学

19世纪中后期的俄国作家陀思妥耶夫斯基创作中所表现的人与外部环境、人与自我、人与人的关系,反映出他对当时人类生存状态和命运的忧虑.这一主题和20世纪西方社会危机的衍生物--现代派文学有着千丝万缕的联系,但是两者也有本质的区别.     

Combining Occurrence and Toxicity Information to Identify Priorities for Drinking-Water Mixture Research

Characterizing all possible chemical mixtures in drinking water is a potentially overwhelming project, and the task of assessing each mixture's net toxicity even more daunting. We propose that analyzing occurrence information on mixtures in drinking water may help to narrow the priorities and inform the approaches taken by researchers in mixture toxicology. To illustrate the utility of environmental data for refining the mixtures problem, we use a recent compilation of national ground-water-quality data to examine proposed U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) and Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry (ATSDR) models of noncancer mixture toxicity. We use data on the occurrence of binary and ternary mixtures of arsenic, cadmium, and manganese to parameterize an additive model and compute hazard index scores for each drinking-water source in the data set. We also use partially parameterized interaction models to perform a bounding analysis estimating the interaction potential of several binary and ternary mixtures for which the toxicological literature is limited. From these results, we estimate a relative value of additional toxicological information for each mixture. For example, we find that according to the U.S. EPA's interaction model, the levels of arsenic and cadmium found in U.S. drinking water are unlikely to have synergistic cardiovascular effects, but the same mixture's potential for synergistic neurological effects merits further study. Similar analysis could in future be used to prioritize toxicological studies based on their potential to reduce scientific and regulatory uncertainty. Environmental data may also provide a means to explore the implications of alternative risk models for the toxicity and interaction of complex mixtures.     

地质条件下的农业土地利用分区研究——以清镇市为例

基于地质条件的清镇市农业土地利用分区是依据农业资源优势,以充分发挥土地适宜用途为基础划分的,它着重体现土地利用结构、利用布局与发展方向,更好地发挥土地资源的生产潜力。文章主要根据清镇市地质条件等的分异规律,选取了11个评价指标,并运用聚类分析方法将清镇市划分为5个农业土地利用区。从而根据各区土地利用结构和社会经济状况,初步提出土地利用发展方向和实施对策,希望能为其他同类地区的农业土地利用提供参考意见。     

死刑的成本与废除死刑的发展趋势

死刑的成本表现在死刑的程序成本、执行成本、随付成本三个方面。世界上大多数国家巳废酴或中止了死刑，我国应该逐步限制、废除死刑。     

中国城市生活垃圾分类回收问题研究——对日本城市垃圾分类经验的借鉴

中国城市的生活垃圾总量呈逐年增长的态势,而目前城市垃圾处理采用的主要方式仍是露天堆放和卫生填埋,这必然要带来垃圾污染、资源浪费和垃圾处理场地紧张等问题.垃圾分类回收是解决上述问题的最好出路.中国的垃圾分类回收难以实施的症结主要表现在观念滞后、理论研究缺乏和政府的工作力度不够.日本具有很好的城市垃圾分类回收的经验,即国家政府重视、地方政府统计数据完备、有切实可行的削减目标以及对居民进行系统而细致的教育等,很值得借鉴.     

社会资本之长臂:日常交流获取工作信息对地位获得的影响

社会资本的能量是通过多种运用方式来发挥其在劳动力市场中对地位获得的提升作用的--我们可称之为社会资本的长臂,包括在找工作过程中动用社会关系及其资源这种看得见的方式,以及在日常社会交流中获得工作信息这种不是很显而易见的方式;在社会经济方面占据优势地位群体中的成员更容易在日常交流中获取较好的工作信息,因而可以获取并向网络成员提供有关好工作的信息;那些没有占据优势地位群体中的成员,主动发掘和动用社会关系变成了可行的另一途径;两种运用方式均对劳动力市场中的地位获得有不同程度的提升作用;进而通过对一个有关在职美国人的全国性样本的实证分析,发现即使控制了其他相关因素后,社会资本仍然发挥着重要作用.     

Peer modeling and college men's sexually impositional behavior in the laboratory

The purpose of this study was to examine the influence of peer modeling on sexually impositional behavior in the laboratory. Male participants with and without a self‐reported history of sexually aggressive behavior viewed video clips depicting nonaggressive and sexually aggressive behavior and then chose one of the clips to show to a female confederate. Half of the participants were first exposed to a male confederate who showed the sexually aggressive video clip to a female confederate. The other half of the participants were exposed to a male confederate who showed a nonaggressive video clip to a female confederate. Exposure to a male confederate who showed a sexually aggressive video clip to a female was associated with participants' choosing to engage in this same behavior. A self‐reported history of sexually aggressive behavior was also associated with participants' showing the sexually aggressive video clip in spite of believing the effect on the female viewer would be negative.     

公共密钥密码体制RSA算法分析及其INTERNET的网上应用过程

针对ＩＮＴＥＲＮＥＴ 应用迅速推广，本文就其安全系统核心公共密钥密码体制ＲＳＡ 算法进行分析，阐述公共密钥密码术在网上的一般应用过程     

Culture and Co‐residence: An Exploration of Variation in Home‐Returning among Canadian Young Adults*

Cet article s'inscrit dans la lignée des études sur les dimensions culturelles de la cohabitation entre générations en examinant de près le comportement des jeunes adultes canadiens qui retournent vivre chez leurs parents. Nous explorons les rapports mutuels entre la famille et la diversité culturelle, entre le capital financier et le capital social, et entre le rythme et les mécanismes de transitions précoces qui se manifestent au cours d'une vie. Les modéles de hasards proportionnels sont appliqués à un sous‐échantillon de 2 549 jeunes adultes, àgés de 19 á 34 ans, en tenant compte des données de l'Enquete sociale générale, cycle 10, de 1995. L'une des principales conclusions tirées ici indique que les jeunes qui sont de langue maternelle anglaise sont beaucoup plus susceptibles de retourner chez leurs parents après un premier départ que ceux dont la langue maternelle est le français ou une autre langue. Les autres variables qui entrent en jeu sont le niveau d'education du père, le nombre de frères et de soeurs, le sexe, l'âge au moment du depart de la maison et la raison de ce départ. L'article aborde aussi les questions des responsabilités et des rôles des parents autour de la cinquantaine, et de la socialisation au sein de la famille au cours de la vie. This article offers a focussed examination of variation in home‐returning behaviour among Canadian young adults. Framed within the life course perspective, we explore the interrelationships among family and cultural diversity, financial and social capital, and the timing and pathways of early transitions. Proportional hazards analyses are performed on a subsample of 2,549 young adults aged 19–34, using data from the 1995 General Social Survey, Cycle 10. A major finding is that those whose mother tongue is English are significantly more likely to return to the parental home than those with French or “other” mother tongues. Other variables include: father's education, number of siblings, gender, age at home‐leaving, and initial reason for home‐leaving. Implications for midlife parental roles and responsibilities, and for family socialization are discussed.