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931.
Christopher Paul William M. Mason Daniel McCaffrey Sarah A. Fox 《Statistical Methods and Applications》2008,17(3):351-372
This article presents findings from a case study of different approaches to the treatment of missing data. Simulations based
on data from the Los Angeles Mammography Promotion in Churches Program (LAMP) led the authors to the following cautionary
conclusions about the treatment of missing data: (1) Automated selection of the imputation model in the use of full Bayesian
multiple imputation can lead to unexpected bias in coefficients of substantive models. (2) Under conditions that occur in
actual data, casewise deletion can perform less well than we were led to expect by the existing literature. (3) Relatively
unsophisticated imputations, such as mean imputation and conditional mean imputation, performed better than the technical
literature led us to expect. (4) To underscore points (1), (2), and (3), the article concludes that imputation models are substantive models, and require the same caution with respect to specificity and calculability.
The research reported here was partially supported by National Institutes of Health, National Cancer Institute, R01 CA65879
(SAF). We thank Nicholas Wolfinger, Naihua Duan, John Adams, John Fox, and the anonymous referees for their thoughtful comments
on earlier drafts. The responsibility for any remaining errors is ours alone. Benjamin Stein was exceptionally helpful in
orchestrating the simulations at the labs of UCLA Social Science Computing. Michael Mitchell of the UCLA Academic Technology
Services Statistical Consulting Group artfully created Fig. 1 using the Stata graphics language; we are most grateful. 相似文献
932.
Cognitive approaches to new venture creation 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
Daniel P. Forbes 《国际管理评论杂志》1999,1(4):415-439
Cognitive processes play a critical role in the formation of new ventures. Moreover, the effects of managerial cognition are likely to be more direct and immediate in new venture settings than in the context of larger, more established organizations. For these reasons, the theories and methods of managerial and organizational cognition can provide insight into the process of new venture creation. This paper reviews recent studies that take a cognitive approach to new venture creation and categorizes them according to the stage of new venture creation with which they are concerned. Key issues discussed include the formation of entrepreneurial intentions, the sensemaking processes of scanning, interpretation and action, the use of schema and heuristics in decision-making and the phenomenon of entrepreneurial alertness. Several preliminary research conclusions are drawn, and the implications of these findings for the practice of entrepreneurship are considered. Finally, several promising avenues for future research are explored. 相似文献
933.
Analyzing data from a probability sample representative of secondary school students in Singapore (N = 1,599), this study examined the independent impact between the quality of mother–child relationship, the quality of father–child relationship and family conflict on the frequency of drinking and drunkenness, and whether each dyadic parent–child relationship quality and family conflict moderate the effect of direct peer pressure on the frequency of drinking and drunkenness among Singaporean adolescents. A series of ordered logit analyses revealed the following results: The quality of father–child relationship had no main effect on either drinking behavior, yet had a moderating effect on the association between direct peer pressure and drunkenness, with the stronger effect of direct peer pressure for adolescents on good terms with their fathers than for those on poor terms with their fathers. Family conflict had a main effect on drunkenness and a moderating effect on the association between direct peer pressure and the frequency of drinking, with the stronger effect of direct peer pressure on the frequency of drinking for adolescents experiencing high family conflict than those experiencing low family conflict. The importance of the father–child relationship quality and family conflict for adolescents’ well-being in Singapore as an Asian context was discussed. 相似文献
934.
935.
936.
Daniel T. Voss 《统计学通讯:理论与方法》2013,42(10):3345-3359
A method of statistical analysis of single replicate and fractional factorial designs requiring no estimate of error variance is given. By comparison of the relative magnitudes of independent effect .estimates, effects corresponding to relatively large effect estimates may be asserted to be nonzero. The procedure maintains a prespecified experimentwise error rate for a general class of modulus-ratio statistics. 相似文献
937.
Daniel Mato 《Cultural Studies》2013,27(1):70-87
While the conceptual categories of cultural industries and cultural consumption have been useful tools that have yielded valuable insights in a number of studies, they, nevertheless, pose certain problems. This text argues how their usage, in fact, obstructs certain research possibilities. Highlighting the ‘cultural’ character of certain specific industries and forms of consumption can also limit, if not impede altogether, the possibilities of analyzing other industries and forms of consumption from a cultural perspective. Doing away with such categories may open new possibilities for analysis and research. The main focus of this text is the category of ‘cultural industries’ though it also refers in passing to the complementary category of ‘cultural consumption.’ 相似文献
938.
This paper summarizes findings that extend statistical distribution properties of the Moran coefficient index measuring spatial autocorrelation to non-normal random variables. Pitman–Koopmans theorem results are extended for the mean and the variance of this index. This summary includes a corollary to this theorem, as well as a new theorem (with its proof) and two conjectures implied by it. The first of these statements is supported by asymptotic heuristics; the second is supported by simulation experiment results. Mixture random variables that include heteroscedasticity or overdispersion also are explored. In addition, a simple asymptotic variance for the Moran coefficient is presented, assessed, and found to be very precise for sample sizes as small as 25–100. The principal conclusion is that independence and sample size are the most relevant properties for Pitman–Koopmans theorem results to be extended to non-normal random variables. The independent and identically distributed property reduces the necessary sample size for this extension, as do the properties of symmetry and normal approximation. 相似文献
939.
We introduce a novel paradigm for studying the cognitive processes used by listeners within interactive settings. This paradigm places the talker and the listener in the same physical space, creating opportunities for investigations of attention and comprehension processes taking place during interactive discourse situations. An experiment was conducted to compare results from previous research using videotaped stimuli to those obtained within the live face-to-face task paradigm. A headworn apparatus is used to briefly display LEDs on the talker's face in four locations as the talker communicates with the participant. In addition to the primary task of comprehending speeches, participants make a secondary task light detection response. In the present experiment, the talker gave non-emotionally-expressive speeches that were used in past research with videotaped stimuli. Signal detection analysis was employed to determine which areas of the face received the greatest focus of attention. Results replicate previous findings using videotaped methods. 相似文献
940.