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991.
User information satisfaction (UIS) is important because of its potential effects on MIS department goals, quality of user work life, and extent of voluntary usage of systems. Reliable measurement of UIS is important for providing evaluative information for both researchers and practitioners. This study used 92 managers and executives as subjects to compare the test/retest reliability of a widely used, 13-scale UIS instrument together with four summary questions under experimental and control conditions. The summary questions behaved more reliably than the detailed questions for all groups, perhaps because of problems with scale units and origins and with item heterogeneity. This suggests that researchers need more reliable measures of UIS and that practitioners need to exercise caution when collecting and interpreting UIS scores. 相似文献
992.
Two heuristics based on branch and bound (B&B) are developed to solve closed-loop material requirements planning (MRP) lot-sizing problems that have general product structures and variable costs. A “look ahead method'’(LAM) heuristic allows for variable production/purchasing costs and uses a single-level B&B procedure to rapidly improve lower bound values; thus, LAM efficiently uses computer-storage capacity and allows solution of larger problems. The “total average modification'’(TAM) heuristic uses B&B, applied level by level, and modified setup and carrying costs to solve the variable production/purchasing costs MRP lot-sizing problem. LAM and TAM are tested on problems and compared to heuristics in the literature. TAM may be used to solve large MRP lot-sizing problems encountered in practice. 相似文献
993.
Richard Stedman Brian Lee Kathryn Brasier Jason L. Weigle Francis Higdon 《Rural sociology》2009,74(2):178-200
Abstract Recent initiatives from state and federal government agencies have helped foster the formation of community‐based watershed organizations. Although there is a great deal of enthusiasm about the potential of these organizations to enhance water quality, relatively little attention has been paid to the impacts these organizations may have on the well‐being of rural communities more generally. Assessments of effectiveness have typically focused on specific activities and accomplishments, rather than a broader range of community‐based effects. In short, we ask whether community‐based environmental management improves community as well as environment. Our research utilized a mixed‐methods design, including a statewide mail survey of all Pennsylvania watershed organizations, followed by in‐depth interviews with 28 rural watershed organizations. This sequential approach progressively explored in more detail definitions of effectiveness, including the building of rural capacity. We find watershed organizations are potentially effective mechanisms for building local leadership, enhancing the skills of rural residents, and making valuable connections with other communities, facing similar water‐resource and rural‐development issues. However, the range of issues with which local watershed organizations engage and the methods they currently utilize may eventually limit their usefulness. 相似文献
994.
Abstract This research examines differences between those Mexican migrants choosing metropolitan destinations and those choosing destinations outside metropolitan areas of the United States. Using general estimating equations, the study presents data indicating that since the 1960s migrants choosing rural destinations are less fluent in English, slightly older, much less educated, far more likely to be unskilled, more likely to be married, and more likely to be undocumented. The picture is more complex when consideration is restricted to those migrants arriving in rural areas since the passage of the North American Free Trade Agreement. These migrants are far more likely to be single, have more education but have less English fluency, have less work experience, and have less family experience with migration to the United States. They are more likely to come from small towns and rural areas of Mexico. 相似文献
995.
Hilary Levey 《Qualitative sociology》2009,32(3):311-331
This paper explores roles that children play in ethnographic research. Based on the limited literature on children in the
field, and drawing on examples from ethnographies across disciplines, I identify four roles for children: 1) as “wedges,”
or as instrumentally important in helping adult ethnographers gain access in various ways; 2) as collaborators; 3) as objects
of study; and 4) as subjects of study. I also discuss the ways in which these roles illuminate key methodological issues in
ethnography, like reflexivity, ethics, and agency. The paper synthesizes and integrates previously disconnected research on
the presence of children in the field with ethnographies in which children and childhood are the topics of research. I draw
on my own fieldwork experiences for further illustration.
Hilary Levey is a PhD candidate in sociology at Princeton University. Her research interests include childhood, culture, gender, and qualitative methods, and her dissertation is an ethnography of competitive children’s activities, with a focus on elementary school-age children’s participation in chess, dance, and soccer. She has previously studied child beauty pageants and Kumon Math and Reading Centers. 相似文献
Hilary LeveyEmail: |
Hilary Levey is a PhD candidate in sociology at Princeton University. Her research interests include childhood, culture, gender, and qualitative methods, and her dissertation is an ethnography of competitive children’s activities, with a focus on elementary school-age children’s participation in chess, dance, and soccer. She has previously studied child beauty pageants and Kumon Math and Reading Centers. 相似文献
996.
This paper studies a class of social welfare relations (SWRs) on the set of infinite utility streams. In particular, we examine
the SWRs satisfying -Anonymity, an impartiality axiom stronger than Finite Anonymity, as well as Strong Pareto and a certain equity axiom. First,
we characterize the extension of the generalized Lorenz SWR by combining -Anonymity with Strong Pareto and Pigou–Dalton Equity. Second, we replace Pigou–Dalton Equity with Hammond Equity for characterizing
the extended leximin SWR. Third, we give an alternative characterization of the extended utilitarian SWR by substituting Incremental
Equity for Pigou–Dalton Equity. 相似文献
997.
We consider the fraction of pairs of m distinct alternatives on which a social welfare function f may be nondictatorially independent and Pareto when the domain of f satisfies the free k-tuple property. When k = 4 we improve the existing upper bound to . When there are at least 26 alternatives and we obtain an original upper bound, . To obtain these results we define and analyze the graph formed from the nondictatorial independent and Pareto pairs and
combine the results of this analysis with known results from extremal graph theory.
The authors extend special thanks to the two reviewers and the editor for their comments. 相似文献
998.
Michele Lombardi 《Social Choice and Welfare》2009,32(4):687-695
We study necessary and sufficient conditions for a multi-valued solution S to be rationalized in the following sense: there exists a complete asymmetric relation T (a tournament) such that, for each feasible (finite) set, the solution set of S coincides with the minimal covering set of T restricted to that feasible set. Our characterization result relies only on properties relating S across feasible choice sets. 相似文献
999.
Vincent Anesi 《Social Choice and Welfare》2009,32(2):197-219
Most political and economic theorists point to moral hazard in teams as the main obstacle to lobbies’ collective action. In
this paper, we address this important issue with a coalition-formation game. In the process of doing so, we characterize equilibrium
lobby structures both in the absence and in the presence of moral hazard. Three notable results emerge from such an exercise:
(1) an equilibrium lobby structure exists under both specifications of the model, (2) moral hazard in teams may raise large
groups’ equilibrium lobby size, and (3) it may also raise the level of collective action of large groups with low organizational
costs.
I wish to express my appreciation to Helmuth Cremer, Philippe De Donder, Kai A. Konrad, Michel Le Breton, Daniel Seidmann,
Shlomo Weber, an associate editor of this journal and a referee for valuable comments and suggestions. I am also grateful
to Paul Belleflamme, Francis Bloch, Robert Dur, Joan Esteban, Debraj Ray, and the audience at the CESifo Area Conference on
Public Sector Economics 2006 and at the 15th Aix-Marseille SSIEIO for helpful discussions. 相似文献
1000.
According to standard theory founded on Harsanyi (J Polit Econ 61:434–435, 1953; 63:309–321, 1955) a social welfare function can be appropriately based on the individual’s approach to choice under uncertainty. We investigate how people really do rank distributions in terms of welfare. According to Harsanyi, the evaluation can be done from the standpoint of an uninvolved external judge, a public official, for example, or by a person who knows that she holds one of the positions in society, with an equal chance for any of the available positions. Are these two structures to be viewed differently? We use a questionnaire experiment to focus on the two different interpretations of the Harsanyi approach. There are important, systematic differences that transcend the cultural background of respondents. 相似文献