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71.
Darren C. Treadway Garry L. Adams Annette L. Ranft Gerald R. Ferris 《The Leadership Quarterly》2009,20(4):554-570
The concept of celebrity has the potential to expand traditional views of leadership by suggesting that, with the aid of the media, firms and CEOs can surpass their peers and develop marketable personas of their own. However, the research, to date, has focused on the emergence of CEO celebrity, rather than the critical question of how CEOs translate their celebrity into personal and firm-related success. The present paper addresses this issue by articulating a meso-level conceptualization focused on the role of CEO political skill in the conversion of celebrity to reputation and performance at the individual and firm levels of analysis. Implications of the proposed conceptualization and directions for future research are discussed. 相似文献
72.
This study examined respondents' perceived level of blame and responsibility for three victims of rape, as a function of attitudes toward homosexuals, and perceived similarity to the victim, as indicative of Shaver's (1970) Defensive Attribution Hypothesis. Victims were a homosexual and heterosexual male, and a female. A sample of 168 university students completed questionnaires, which included three rape scenarios and subsequent questions, the Index of Attitudes Toward Homosexuals (Hudson & Ricketts, 1980), and the short-form Marlowe-Crowne Social Desirability Scale (Reynolds, 1982). Results indicated that respondents higher in homophobia (regardless of gender) blamed the homosexual male rape victim and the behavior and character of the heterosexual male rape victim, more than the female rape victim. Male respondents in general also blamed the heterosexual male rape victim, more than female respondents. Shaver's defensive attribution hypothesis was not supported. Results are discussed in terms of the possible link between homophobia and male blame. 相似文献
73.
Candow DG Chilibeck PD Chad KE Chrusch MJ Davison KS Burke DG 《Journal of aging and physical activity》2004,12(3):219-231
The authors previously found that creatine (Cr) combined with 12 weeks of resistance training enhanced muscle strength and endurance and lean tissue mass (LTM) in older men. Their purpose in this study was to assess these variables with cessation of Cr combined with 12 weeks of reduced training (33% lower volume) in a subgroup of these men (n = 8, 73 years old) compared with 5 men (69 years old) who did not receive Cr. Strength (1-repetition maximum [1-RM]), endurance (maximum number of repetitions over 3 sets at 70-80% 1-RM), and LTM (dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry) were assessed before and after 12 weeks of Cr cessation combined with reduced-volume training. No changes in strength or LTM occurred. Muscle endurance was significantly reduced (7-21%; p <.05), with the rate of change similar between groups. Withdrawal from Cr had no effect on the rate of strength, endurance, and loss of lean tissue mass with 12 weeks of reduced-volume training. 相似文献
74.
‘Masters of the Universe’: Demystifying Leadership in the Context of the 2008 Global Financial Crisis 下载免费PDF全文
There have been numerous explanations of the 2008 global financial crisis, ranging from the greed of the bankers to excessive deregulation due to neoliberalism and the financialization of everything. This paper argues that a discussion of parallels between the crisis and leadership discourses can generate new insights into both. Through an empirical study of the subjectivity of leaders in a UK building society, discourses around both leadership and the crisis are argued to reflect and reproduce similar taken‐for‐granted assumptions about subjectivity and representations of organizational and economic life. These are grounded in the belief that leaders are ‘Masters of the Universe’, who are able to predict and secure the future. The authors believe that these assumptions and representations contributed to the crisis and are now in danger of producing yet another bubble. 相似文献
75.
Darren E. Sherkat Melissa Powell-WilliamsGregory Maddox Kylan Mattias de Vries 《Social science research》2011,40(1):167-180
We examine how religious and political factors structure support for same-sex marriage in the United States over the last two decades. Using data from the General Social Surveys, we show that respondents who identify more strongly with the Republican Party, sectarian denominations, and those who subscribe to biblical fundamentalism and political conservatism are substantially more opposed to same-sex marriage than are other Americans. Heterogeneous ordinal logistic regression models show that these religious and political factors have become more important over the last two decades. Cohorts born after 1945 became substantially more supportive of marriage rights between 1988 and 2008, but shifts in support for marriage rights were less sizeable for persons affiliated with sectarian denominations, religious fundamentalists, Republicans, and political conservatives. Estimates from structural equation models show that religious factors influence political conservatism and Republican identification, yet both religious and political factors have significant and substantial independent direct effects on support for same-sex marriage. 相似文献
76.
Shanna K. Kattari N. Eugene Walls Darren L. Whitfield Lisa Langenderfer Magruder 《Journal of Ethnic & Cultural Diversity in Social Work》2017,26(3):217-235
Members of the transgender/gender-nonconforming (GNC) community experience higher rates of discrimination based on their gender compared to their cisgender counterparts. Similarly, people of color experience higher rates of discrimination than White people. This study examines the difference in experiences of discrimination among transgender/GNC individuals in accessing social services providers by race/ethnicity (White and people of color). The data collected in a national cross-sectional survey (N = 6,451) and analyzed via chi-square test of independence and binary logistic regression demonstrate the disproportionate prevalence of discrimination based on race/ethnicity within the transgender/GNC population when accessing social services such as drug treatment centers, mental health clinics, domestic violence shelters, and rape crisis centers. Social workers are the most common provider of social services to the community, and have an ethical commitment to provision of services without discrimination. High rates of discrimination in accessing social services among transgender/GNC people, with even higher rates of discrimination for transgender/GNC people of color, highlight the need for improvement in social work education and practice. 相似文献
77.
Twelve‐Month‐Old Infants’ Sensitivity to Others’ Emotions Following Positive and Negative Events 下载免费PDF全文
This study investigated infants’ sensitivity to others’ congruent and incongruent emotional reactions to positive and negative events. Thirty‐six 12‐month‐old infants viewed three distinct interpersonal events (give a toy, break a toy, fight over a toy) followed by an emotional expression (happiness, sadness, anger) that was either congruent or incongruent with the preceding event outcome. The duration of infants' looking toward each emotional reaction was examined. Infants demonstrated sensitivity to incongruent emotional reactions for the give and fight events, representing the earliest evidence to date of emotional sensitivity to negative events. 相似文献
78.
Darren R. Brenner Yibing Ruan Andria R. Morielli Kerry S. Courneya Christine M. Friedenreich 《European review of aging and physical activity》2017,14(1):10
Background
Increased circulating levels of prolactin have been associated with increased risk of both in situ and invasive breast cancer. We investigated whether or not physical activity had a dose–response effect in lowering plasma levels of prolactin in postmenopausal women.Methods
Four hundred previously inactive but healthy postmenopausal women aged 50–74 years of age were randomized to 150 or 300 min per week of aerobic physical activity in a year-long intervention. Prolactin was measured from fasting samples with a custom-plex multiplex assay.Results
A high compared to moderate volume of physical activity did not reduce plasma prolactin levels in intention-to-treat (Treatment Effect Ratio (TER) 1.00, 95% Confidence Interval (CI) 0.95 – 1.06) or per-protocol analyses (TER 1.02, 95% CI 0.93 – 1.13).Conclusions
It is unlikely that changes in prolactin levels mediate the reduced risk of breast cancer development in post-menopausal women associated with increased levels of physical activity.Trial registration
clinicaltrials.gov identifier: NCT01435005.79.
Participation in community gardens improves health and well-being; however, few studies examine how often individuals need to participate to achieve these outcomes. This study examined the relationship between levels of participation in community gardens and health behaviors, psychological well-being, and perceptions of the community by surveying regular, occasional, and noncommunity garden participants in a disadvantage neighborhood (N = 115). Regular and occasional participates reported better mental health; occasional participants reported more vegetable intake, and regular participants reported more sense of community. Therefore, community practitioners may need to consider level of participation in gardening activities for some outcomes and not others. 相似文献
80.
Eva Krumhuber Antony S. R. Manstead Darren Cosker Dave Marshall Paul L. Rosin 《Journal of Nonverbal Behavior》2009,33(1):1-15
We examined the effects of the temporal quality of smile displays on impressions and decisions made in a simulated job interview.
We also investigated whether similar judgments were made in response to synthetic (Study 1) and human facial stimuli (Study
2). Participants viewed short video excerpts of female interviewees exhibiting dynamic authentic smiles, dynamic fake smiles,
or neutral expressions, and rated them with respect to a number of attributes. In both studies, perceivers’ judgments and
employment decisions were significantly shaped by the temporal quality of smiles, with dynamic authentic smiles generally
leading to more favorable job, person, and expression ratings than dynamic fake smiles or neutral expressions. Furthermore,
authentically smiling interviewees were judged to be more suitable and were more likely to be short-listed and selected for
the job. The findings show a high degree of correspondence in the effects created by synthetic and human facial stimuli, suggesting
that temporal features of smiles similarly influence perceivers’ judgments and decisions across the two types of stimulus.
相似文献
Eva KrumhuberEmail: |