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521.
Government and private sector organizations are increasingly turning to the use of maps and other visual models to provide a depiction of environmental hazards and the potential risks they represent to humans and ecosystems. Frequently, the graphic presentation is tailored to address a specific contaminant, its location and possible exposure pathways, and potential receptors. Its format is usually driven by the data available, choice of graphics technology, and the audience being served. A format that is effective for displaying one contaminant at one scale at one site, however, may be ineffective in accurately portraying the circumstances surrounding a different contaminant at the same site, or the same contaminant at a different site, because of limitations in available data or the graphics technology being used. This is the daunting challenge facing the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE), which is responsible for the nation's legacy wastes from nuclear weapons research, testing, and production at over 100 sites in the United States. In this article, we discuss the development and use of integrated geospatial mapping and conceptual site models to identify hazards and evaluate alternative long-term environmental clean-up strategies at DOE sites located across the United States. While the DOE probably has the greatest need for such information, the Department of Defense and other public and private responsible parties for many large and controversial National Priority List or Superfund sites would benefit from a similar approach. 相似文献
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523.
Steven L. Henry Psy.D. 《Journal of gambling studies / co-sponsored by the National Council on Problem Gambling and Institute for the Study of Gambling and Commercial Gaming》1996,12(4):395-405
This study of 22 subjects who meet DSM IV criteria for Pathological Gambling (PG) tests a theory that the development of PG lies in the existence of unresolved trauma-related anxiety, similar to Post Traumatic Stress Disorder, and predicts that reduction of that anxiety will result in reduced pathological gambling behavior. The study compares the effect on gambling event frequency of Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing (EMDR) therapy with cognitive therapy to that of cognitive therapy alone for subjects with and without reported trauma history. Results are significant for pre- vs post-EMDR (p =.04), for those with reported trauma history, (p=.01) and when controlled for frequency of sessions and time in therapy prior to the treatment (p=.04). Findings support an anxiety based model for the etiology of PG behavior. 相似文献
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525.
Henry S. Rubin 《International Journal of Sexuality and Gender Studies》1996,1(2):171-177
The author reports on the first ever conference (held in San Francisco last summer) devoted entirely to the subject of female-to-male transsexualism (biological females who live as men). Having thrown off the notion that transsexualism refers only to biological males who live as women (MTFs), the newly formed female-to-male transsexual (FTM) community addressed a wide range of topics from “Living Long Term in Transsexual Bodies” to “Gay/Straight Issues” A full day was devoted to presentations of the medical technologies designed to accomplish a transition from female to male. Notably the conference participants began to challenge a disease model of transsexualism and acknowledged the development of “transgender studies” in academia. 相似文献
526.
Previous studies have linked the mysterious and inevitable process of aging to essential processes such as metabolism, maturation, and fecundity. Each of these processes is controlled to a large extent by nuclear hormone receptors (NHRs). NHRs also play important roles in the control of periodical processes, the most recently implicated being circadian rhythm. This Review stresses the mounting evidence for tight relationships between each of these NHR-regulated processes and the processes of aging. 相似文献
527.
To estimate potential public health benefits from ozone (O3) pollution reduction attributable to the use of methyl tertiary-butyl ether (MTBE) in gasoline, O3 dose-response estimates from the biomedical literature were combined with model estimates of O3 reduction. Modeling employed EPA MOBILE5a and Complex models to predict emission changes, industry AQIRP techniques to predict ambient O3 changes, and the National Exposure Model to predict human exposures. Human health effects considered were lung function decrements and respiratory irritant symptoms (using dose-response functions measured in laboratory and field studies), and increased death rates (using concentration-response functions inferred statistically from public-health data). Other reported health effects, such as lung inflammation, increases in asthma attacks, and hospitalizations, were not addressed because of inadequate dose-response information. Even for the health responses considered, quantitation of improvements due to MTBE use is problematical, because MTBE affects only a small percentage of existing O3 pollution, and because exposure-response relationships are not well understood for population subgroups most likely to be affected. Nevertheless, it is reasonable to conclude that even small MTBE-associated reductions in peak ambient O3 levels (1–5 ppb, according to model estimates) should yield considerable public health benefits. Tens of millions of Americans are potentially exposed to O3 in the concentration range associated with health effects. Even if only a small percentage of them are susceptible, any incremental reduction in O3 (as with MTBE use) must mitigate or prevent effects for a meaningful number of people. Better quantitative estimates of benefit must await a more detailed understanding of each link in the chain of causation. 相似文献
528.
Faller KC Birdsall WC Henry J Vandervort F Silverschanz P 《Journal of child sexual abuse》2001,10(4):31-49
This study examines correlates of offender confession in criminal sexual conduct cases involving children. The cases consist of all closed court files (N=318), spanning the last 10 years from a single jurisdiction. This jurisdiction has a community-wide protocol for handling child sexual abuse cases, a high rate of charging (69%), a high rate of confession (64%), and high rates of pleas to sex crimes (77%). To determine what factors were associated with suspect confession before adjudication, we examined characteristics of the suspect, the child, the abuse, and the system using bi-variate and multi-variate analysis. The following four variables are associated with suspect confession: (1) having the state police conducting the law enforcement part of the investigation, (2) more serious abuse, (3) younger age of the suspect, and (4) having a court appointed (as opposed to a retained) attorney. 相似文献
529.
Henry P. Brehm 《Journal of Aging Studies》1988,2(4)
The relationship between impairment, disability, and labor force participation is investigated longitudinally through disability determinations using objective medical evaluations. The sensitivity and specificity concepts are used to study the disability determination standards and their ability to predict capacity to work. Approximately one of every eight men in the study had a physical impairment that met or equaled the medical listings of impairment sometime through age 65; for the women the figure was slightly less than one-half that size. Many of these people were seriously ill; within four years of the disabling condition being established, about two of every five people were dead, suggesting the listings of impairment are indeed sensitive to serious health problems. The majority of the men who did meet or equal the medical listings of impairment were alive four years after the disabling condition was determined, and most of these survivors were in the labor force despite the disabling impairment. The study shows that withdrawal from the labor force is based on age in combination with any level of impairment; and the disabled are a unique subset of the impaired, distinguishable not by health but demographic and socioeconomic characteristics. 相似文献
530.