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51.
Julian L. Simon 《Journal of Labor Research》1992,13(1):73-78
VII. Conclusion The number of immigrants now coming to the United States is proportionally only a fraction of the number that came in earlier
years, and there is nothing in those numbers to suggest a difficult absorption burden. Immigrants, both legal and illegal,
more than pay for the services they use with the taxes they pay, leaving a considerable net surplus that benefits American
citizens. Immigrants raise productivity and do not cause an observable amount of unemployment of citizens. Admitting far more
immigrants into the country than the law now allows would have positive effects on the incomes of citizens, and would enhance
the continuing vitality of the United States. 相似文献
52.
In our zeal to deal with alcohol and drug abuse, we may have a distorted picture of what the majority of college students actually think about alcohol and drug use. Students in this study done at a public university located in the Deep South report being generally intolerant of substance abuse. 相似文献
53.
John D. Emerson David C. Hoaglin Frederick Mosteller 《Statistical Methods and Applications》1993,2(3):269-290
Summary Meta-analyses of sets of clinical trials often combine risk differences from several 2×2 tables according to a random-effects
model. The DerSimonian-Laird random-effects procedure, widely used for estimating the populaton mean risk difference, weights
the risk difference from each primary study inversely proportional to an estimate of its variance (the sum of the between-study
variance and the conditional within-study variance). Because those weights are not independent of the risk differences, however,
the procedure sometimes exhibits bias and unnatural behavior. The present paper proposes a modified weighting scheme that
uses the unconditional within-study variance to avoid this source of bias. The modified procedure has variance closer to that
available from weighting by ideal weights when such weights are known. We studied the modified procedure in extensive simulation
experiments using situations whose parameters resemble those of actual studies in medical research. For comparison we also
included two unbiased procedures, the unweighted mean and a sample-size-weighted mean; their relative variability depends
on the extent of heterogeneity among the primary studies. An example illustrates the application of the procedures to actual
data and the differences among the results.
This research was supported by Grant HS 05936 from the Agency for Health Care Policy and Research to Harvard University. 相似文献
54.
55.
Larry L. Constantine 《Journal of marital and family therapy》1993,19(1):39-70
The theory of family paradigms provides an integrative framework for under-standing and systematizing the diverse ways that families organize and make sense of family life. Using formal methods of analysis based on logical and geometrical arguments, the priecise implications of models of family types can be investigated and compared. The paradigmatic framework can thus be refined and extended to form a more rigorous theoretical grounding for family typologies is explored and a miltidimensional model is derived the geometry of which is equivalent to, but more succinctly captures, the underlying structure of uariation in family para-digms. In Part II, the resulting model is interpredtd and explored in terms of implications for family theory, theory construction, and family therapy. Clarifying the basic dimensions of the paradigmatic framework also permits more precise exploration of interrelationships among related models of family types, which can be understood as reduced models derivable from the complete geometry of the paradigmatic framework. 相似文献
56.
David Parratt 《Disability & Society》1995,10(4):501-520
Whilst 17% of the population experience some degree of hearing loss, sociology has largely neglected the study of services to this group. This article attempts to move the debate from a sociology of the deaf community to a sociology of deafness that includes an examination of how professionals define the needs of hearing impaired people. Despite differences between different constructions, deafness workers offer a combination of social work, information, and interpreting services. Practice rules have been developed by deafness workers to control workloads, and to work in their preferred way. This article is based on a multi-layered approach with a contextual analysis, a survey of 123 deafness workers, 32 semi-structured interviews, and my own personal experience of deafness work. 相似文献
57.
Suzanne T. Ortega David R. Johnson Peter G. Beeson Betty J. Craft 《Rural sociology》1994,59(4):598-619
Abstract This paper examines rural/urban differences and trends in mental health during the farm crisis of the 1980s in a large panel sample from a midwestern state. A community research perspective, which attributes differences to life styles, culture, and community context, is contrasted with an economic stress perspective, which focuses on individual differences in economic circumstances as determinants of rural-urban differences in mental health. Survey samples from 1981, 1986, and 1989 are used to examine differences among seven categories of community type. Multiple regression analysis of the trend and panel data provide support for both the individual economic distress and community context models. 相似文献
58.
59.
Research into the nature of aggressive behavior in youths has demonstrated that these youths are often the victims of abuse, exhibit aggressive behavior in early childhood, and remain aggressive into young adulthood. The treatment approach described in this article is a modification of Monahan's [1981] model of the prediction of violent behavior and the anger-management approach of Novaco [1985], and integrates the developmental models of Piaget [1963] and Erikson [1959]. The program is a combination of cognitive, behavioral, and expressive therapies and is targeted to the reduction of dysfunctional cognitive, affective, behavioral, and problem-solving patterns of aggressive youths. As referrals of such aggressive clients are often involuntary, interventions with unwilling and resistant clients are also presented. 相似文献
60.
THE ARTICULATION OF WORK THROUGH INTERACTION 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
This paper offers a set of related concepts for analyzing the interactional mechanics of how work is carried out in organizations, and for analyzing the structural/organizational conditions that bear upon work performance. Our analytic discussion centers around four main concepts: (a) articulation, (b) arrangements, (c) the process of working things out, and (d) stance. These concepts directly connect interaction to work and explain why work performance often bogs down and breaks down. 相似文献